State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
Sci China Life Sci. 2024 Oct;67(10):2064-2083. doi: 10.1007/s11427-023-2670-5. Epub 2024 Aug 12.
Aquaculture represents the fastest-growing global food production sector, as it has become an essential component of the global food supply. China has the world's largest aquaculture industry in terms of production volume. However, the sustainable development of fish culture is hindered by several concerns, including germplasm degradation and disease outbreaks. The practice of genomic breeding, which relies heavily on genome information and genotypephenotype relationships, has significant potential for increasing the efficiency of aquaculture production. In 2014, the completion of the genome sequencing and annotation of the Chinese tongue sole signified the beginning of the fish genomics era in China. Since then, domestic researchers have made dramatic progress in functional genomic studies. To date, the genomes of more than 60 species of fish in China have been assembled and annotated. Based on these reference genomes, evolutionary, comparative, and functional genomic studies have revolutionized our understanding of a wide range of biologically and economically important traits of fishes, including growth and development, sex determination, disease resistance, metamorphosis, and pigmentation. Furthermore, genomic tools and breeding techniques such as SNP arrays, genomic selection, and genome editing have greatly accelerated genetic improvement through the incorporation of functional genomic information into breeding activities. This review aims to summarize the current status, advances, and perspectives of the genome resources, genomic study of important traits, and genomic breeding techniques of fish in China. The review will provide aquaculture researchers, fish breeders, and farmers with updated information concerning fish genomic research and breeding technology. The summary will help to promote the genetic improvement of production traits and thus will support the sustainable development of fish aquaculture.
水产养殖是全球发展最快的食品生产行业，已成为全球食品供应的重要组成部分。就产量而言，中国拥有全球最大的水产养殖业。然而，鱼类养殖的可持续发展受到多种问题的制约，包括种质退化和疾病爆发。基因组育种实践严重依赖基因组信息和基因型-表型关系，具有显著提高水产养殖生产效率的潜力。2014 年，中国牙鲆基因组测序和注释的完成标志着中国鱼类基因组时代的开始。此后，国内研究人员在功能基因组研究方面取得了重大进展。迄今为止，中国已有 60 多种鱼类的基因组被组装和注释。基于这些参考基因组，进化、比较和功能基因组研究彻底改变了我们对鱼类生长发育、性别决定、抗病性、变态和色素沉着等多种具有生物学和经济学重要意义的性状的理解。此外，基因组工具和育种技术，如 SNP 芯片、基因组选择和基因组编辑，通过将功能基因组信息纳入育种活动，极大地加速了遗传改良。本综述旨在总结中国鱼类基因组资源、重要性状的基因组研究和基因组育种技术的现状、进展和展望。该综述将为水产养殖研究人员、鱼类育种家和养殖户提供有关鱼类基因组研究和育种技术的最新信息。该总结将有助于促进生产性状的遗传改良，从而支持鱼类养殖的可持续发展。
