Intraoperative teamwork and occupational stress during robot-assisted surgery: An observational study.

Robot-assisted surgery (RAS) differs from traditional OR set-ups in several ways such as operation of technology and obstructed team communication that potentially affect surgical staff's stress experiences. The current study investigates the effects of key intraoperative job demands and resources on mental workload and perceived stress in RAS. We focused on the role of intraoperative teamwork as a resource that potentially reduces occupational stress. Combining standardized expert observations in the OR with healthcare providers' self-reports, the study involved two types of robot-assisted, urological interventions. The sample consisted of 73 observed surgeries and included 242 post-operative surveys on perceived stress and mental workload from surgeons and surgical nurses. Multilevel regression analyses reveal differential effects for stress and workload. Importantly, whereas better surgical teamwork was associated with lower stress, it was unrelated to workload. Our findings provide a nuanced picture of occupational stress in RAS, particularly regarding the role of intraoperative teamwork.