Genome-wide identification of the AP2/ERF gene family from Limonium bicolor and functional characterization of LbAP2/ERF32 under salt stress.

AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, plant morphogenesis and response to environmental stresses. However, their biological roles in recretohalophytes are still not fully revealed. Limonium bicolor L. is a typical recretohalophyte, which secretes excessive salt ions through the salt glands on the epidermis. Here, 64 LbAP2/ERF genes were identified in L. bicolor genome, which were unevenly distributed on the eight chromosomes. Cis-elements related to growth and development, stress response and phytohormone response are distributed in multiple LbAP2/ERF promoters. Expression analysis indicated that LbAP2/ERF genes responsed to NaCl, PEG and ABA. And the salt gland density, salt secretion of leaves and overall salt tolerance of LbAP2/ERF32 silenced lines were significantly reduced. In agreement, the genes related to salt gland development and ion transport were significantly changed in LbAP2/ERF32-silenced lines. Our findings provided fundamental information on the structure and evolutionary relationship of LbAP2/ERF gene family in salt gland development and salt secretion of L. bicolor and gave theoretical guideline for further functional study of LbAP2/ERF genes in response to abiotic stress.