Song Qianqian, Tai Xiaoqing, Ren Qianyu, Ren Aiming
Life Sciences Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2024 Aug 16;57(1):108-118. doi: 10.3724/abbs.2024142.
Fluorogenic RNA aptamers are selected RNA molecules capable of binding to specific fluorophores, significantly increasing their intrinsic fluorescence. Over the past decade, the color palette of fluorescent RNA aptamers has greatly expanded. The emergence and development of these fluorogenic RNA aptamers has introduced a powerful approach for visualizing RNA localization and transport with high spatiotemporal resolution in live cells. To date, a variety of tertiary structures of fluorogenic RNA aptamers have been determined using X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy. Many of these fluorogenic RNA aptamers feature base quadruples or base triples in their fluorophore-binding sites. This review summarizes the structure-based investigations of fluorogenic RNA aptamers, with a focus on their overall folds, ligand-binding pockets and fluorescence activation mechanisms. Additionally, the exploration of how structures guide rational optimization to enhance RNA visualization techniques is discussed.
荧光RNA适体是能够与特定荧光团结合的经过筛选的RNA分子，可显著增强其固有荧光。在过去十年中，荧光RNA适体的颜色范围得到了极大扩展。这些荧光RNA适体的出现和发展引入了一种强大的方法，可在活细胞中以高时空分辨率可视化RNA的定位和运输。迄今为止，已使用X射线晶体学或核磁共振光谱法确定了多种荧光RNA适体的三级结构。其中许多荧光RNA适体在其荧光团结合位点具有碱基四重体或碱基三联体。本综述总结了基于结构的荧光RNA适体研究，重点关注其整体折叠、配体结合口袋和荧光激活机制。此外，还讨论了关于结构如何指导合理优化以增强RNA可视化技术的探索。
