Vakhitova Liubov, Kalafat Kostyantyn, Vakhitov Ramil, Drizhd Varvara
L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkivs'ke Shose St., 50, Kyiv, 02000, Ukraine.
Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Nemyrovycha-Danchenka Street, 2, Kyiv, 01011, Ukraine.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 18;10(14):e34729. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34729. eCollection 2024 Jul 30.
The main aim of this study was to determine key factors that regulate fire-retardant effectiveness of intumescent coatings comprising of ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, pentaerythritol, polymer binder. Fulfillment of the research objectives resulted in the development of a coating with R120 fire resistance. The expected service life of the coating is at least 15 years when applied at Z2 type of environmental conditions (indoor use). It was established that in order to provide fire resistance of around R30 it is advisable to use the styrene-acrylic polymers as binders for both water-based and organic-based intumescent systems. The ratio of target components ammonium polyphosphate/melamine/pentaerythritol in such systems should be close to 2/1/1. The coating thickness is to be 0.4-0.5 mm. To achieve higher fire resistance (R60 or more) the coating should include a vinyl acetate derivative as a binder (copolymers with ethylene or vinylversatate). Target components ratio in this case is to be close to 3.5/1/1.5, while the coating thickness should be kept at 1.6-1.8 mm. If the required class of fire resistance is above R120, coating thickness is usually to be kept above 3.5 mm. In order to achieve higher fire resistance, it is advisable to use nano-clay additives and reinforcing fibers in intumescent compositions. The obtained results were used in the development of intumescent coating, which is produced industrially and provides over R120 fire resistance of steel, which was confirmed in standardized full-scale fire tests.
本研究的主要目的是确定调节由聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、季戊四醇、聚合物粘合剂组成的膨胀型防火涂料防火效果的关键因素。研究目标的实现促成了一种耐火等级为R120的涂料的开发。当在Z2类环境条件（室内使用）下应用时，该涂料的预期使用寿命至少为15年。已确定，为了提供约R30的耐火性，建议使用苯乙烯 - 丙烯酸聚合物作为水性和有机基膨胀型体系的粘合剂。此类体系中目标成分聚磷酸铵/三聚氰胺/季戊四醇的比例应接近2/1/1。涂层厚度应为0.4 - 0.5毫米。为了实现更高的耐火性（R60或更高），涂料应包含醋酸乙烯酯衍生物作为粘合剂（与乙烯或乙烯基异丁酯的共聚物）。在这种情况下，目标成分比例应接近3.5/1/1.5，而涂层厚度应保持在1.6 - 1.8毫米。如果所需的耐火等级高于R120，涂层厚度通常应保持在3.5毫米以上。为了实现更高的耐火性，建议在膨胀型组合物中使用纳米粘土添加剂和增强纤维。所得结果被用于膨胀型涂料的开发，该涂料已实现工业化生产，并能为钢材提供超过R120的耐火性，这在标准化的全尺寸火灾试验中得到了证实。
