Wallis Christopher M, Sisterson Mark S
Crop Diseases, Pest and Genetics Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, United States.
Front Fungal Biol. 2024 Aug 1;5:1443343. doi: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1443343. eCollection 2024.
Novel tactics for controlling insect pests in perennial fruit and nut crops are needed because target pests often display decreased susceptibility to chemical controls due to overreliance on a handful of active ingredients and regulatory issues. As an alternative to chemical controls, entomopathogenic fungi could be utilized as biological control agents to manage insect pest populations. However, development of field ready products is hampered by a lack of basic knowledge. Development of field ready products requires collecting, screening, and characterizing a greater variety of potential entomopathogenic fungal species and strains. Creation of a standardized research framework to study entomopathogenic fungi will aid in identifying the potential mechanisms of biological control activity that fungi could possess, including antibiotic metabolite production; strains and species best suited to survive in different climates and agroecosystems; and optimized combinations of entomopathogenic fungi and novel formulations. This mini review therefore discusses strategies to collect and characterize new entomopathogenic strains, test different potential mechanisms of biocontrol activity, examine ability of different species and strains to tolerate different climates, and lastly how to utilize this information to develop strains into products for growers.
由于对少数活性成分的过度依赖和监管问题，目标害虫对化学防治的敏感性常常降低，因此需要新的策略来控制多年生水果和坚果作物中的害虫。作为化学防治的替代方法，昆虫病原真菌可作为生物防治剂来控制害虫种群。然而，由于缺乏基础知识，阻碍了田间适用产品的开发。开发田间适用产品需要收集、筛选和鉴定更多种类的潜在昆虫病原真菌物种和菌株。创建一个标准化的研究框架来研究昆虫病原真菌将有助于确定真菌可能具有的生物防治活性的潜在机制，包括抗生素代谢产物的产生；最适合在不同气候和农业生态系统中生存的菌株和物种；以及昆虫病原真菌与新型制剂的优化组合。因此，本综述讨论了收集和鉴定新的昆虫病原菌株的策略，测试生物防治活性的不同潜在机制，研究不同物种和菌株耐受不同气候的能力，最后讨论如何利用这些信息将菌株开发成供种植者使用的产品。
