Costa Letícia R, Tovar Salvador María de la Luz, Pintado-Herrera Marina G, Albergaria-Barbosa Ana C R, Martins César C, Lourenço Rafael A, Combi Tatiane
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, Salvador, BA 40170-020, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
Department of Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI.MAR), University of Cadiz. Río San Pedro, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175551. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175551. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
Despite being one of the most remote areas on the planet, the Antarctic continent is subject to anthropogenic influences. The presence of various groups of contaminants, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been documented in the region over the past decades. However, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding the detection of new pollutants, such as emerging contaminants (ECs), in Antarctic coastal environments. This study analyzed the occurrence and levels of selected POPs, PAHs, ECs in surface sediments from Admiralty Bay, Antarctica Peninsula. Non-target screening was employed to identify potential novel contaminants in the region. Samples (n = 17) were extracted using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) system and instrumental analyses were performed using gas chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC/MS-MS). Regarding regulated contaminants, concentrations of Σ5PCBs ranged from <LOD to 0.5 ng g, while Σ16PAHs ranged from 2.6 to 617.4 ng g. These compounds were predominant in the Martel inlet, suggesting influences of local input sources, especially for PAHs. ECs were detected in some sites of the Ezcurra and Martel inlets, especially nearby the Brazilian and Polish research stations. The UV filters homosalate (0.3 to 251.3 ng g) and octocrylene (0.7 to 93.8 ng g) were the most abundant EC, followed by TPP (0.1 to 87.4 ng g) and galaxolide (0.2 to 55.0 ng g). Applying non-target analysis, phthalates, and the fragrance OTNE (octahydro-tetramethyl-naphthalenyl-ethanone) were identified for the first time in Antarctic sediments. The data highlights the contribution of human activities in the region, possibly through wastewater effluents. This study provides data on the current levels of PAHs and POPs in the region, which are steadily decreasing over the years.
尽管南极大陆是地球上最偏远的地区之一，但仍受到人为影响。在过去几十年里，该地区已记录到包括持久性有机污染物（POPs）和多环芳烃（PAHs）在内的各类污染物的存在。然而，在南极沿海环境中，对于新污染物（如新兴污染物，ECs）的检测仍存在重大知识空白。本研究分析了南极半岛金钟湾表层沉积物中选定的持久性有机污染物、多环芳烃和新兴污染物的存在情况及含量水平。采用非目标筛查来识别该地区潜在的新型污染物。使用加速溶剂萃取（ASE）系统提取样本（n = 17），并使用气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪（GC/MS-MS）进行仪器分析。关于受管制污染物，Σ5多氯联苯的浓度范围为<检测限至0.5 ng/g，而Σ16多环芳烃的浓度范围为2.6至617.4 ng/g。这些化合物在马特尔湾入口处占主导地位，表明当地输入源的影响，特别是对于多环芳烃而言。在埃斯库拉湾和马特尔湾入口的一些地点检测到了新兴污染物，特别是在巴西和波兰研究站附近。紫外线过滤剂胡莫柳酯（0.3至251.3 ng/g）和奥克立林（0.7至93.8 ng/g）是最丰富的新兴污染物，其次是磷酸三苯酯（0.1至87.4 ng/g）和佳乐麝香（0.2至55.0 ng/g）。通过非目标分析，首次在南极沉积物中鉴定出邻苯二甲酸盐和香料OTNE（八氢-四甲基-萘基-乙酮）。数据突出了该地区人类活动的影响，可能是通过废水排放造成的。本研究提供了该地区多环芳烃和持久性有机污染物当前含量水平的数据，这些含量多年来一直在稳步下降。
