Bluestone C D
Auris Nasus Larynx. 1985;12 Suppl 1:S1-4. doi: 10.1016/s0385-8146(85)80083-3.
Two types of Eustachian tube dysfunction can result in otitis media: obstruction and abnormal patency. Obstruction may be either functional or mechanical. Functional obstruction can result from persistent collapse of the Eustachian tube due to increased tubal compliance, an inadequate active opening mechanism, or both. Mechanical obstruction may be the result of either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Otitis media can result from inadequate ventilation of the middle ear or entry of unwanted nasopharyngeal secretions into the middle ear (by aspiration, insufflation, or reflux), or both. An understanding of these concepts of Eustachian tube function and otitis media can then be related to the rationale for nonsurgical and surgical management and prevention of middle-ear disease.
阻塞和异常通畅。阻塞可能是功能性的或机械性的。功能性阻塞可能是由于咽鼓管顺应性增加、主动开放机制不足或两者兼而有之导致的咽鼓管持续塌陷。机械性阻塞可能是内在因素或外在因素造成的。中耳炎可能是由于中耳通气不足或不需要的鼻咽分泌物进入中耳（通过抽吸、吹入或反流），或两者兼而有之。对这些咽鼓管功能和中耳炎概念的理解随后可与中耳疾病的非手术和手术管理及预防的基本原理相关联。
