Qiang Min, Liu Hongyang, Yang Lei, Wang Hong, Guo Rui
Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Discov Oncol. 2024 Aug 16;15(1):355. doi: 10.1007/s12672-024-01119-5.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) constitutes approximately 10% to 15% of all lung cancer diagnoses and represents a pressing global public health challenge due to its high mortality rates. The efficacy of conventional treatments for SCLC is suboptimal, characterized by limited anti-tumoral effects and frequent relapses. In this context, emerging research has pivoted towards immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, a rapidly advancing field that has shown promise in ameliorating the clinical outcomes of SCLC patients. Through originally developed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), these therapies have extended new treatment avenues for SCLC. Currently, a nexus of emerging hot-spot treatments has demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy. Based on the amalgamation of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and the development of new immunotherapy agents, the treatment of SCLC has seen the hoping future. Progress has been achieved in enhancing the tumor immune microenvironment through the concomitant use of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), as evinced by emerging clinical trial data. Moreover, a tripartite approach involving immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy appears auspicious for future clinical applications. Overcoming resistance to post-immunotherapy regimens remains an urgent area of exploration. Finally, bispecific antibodies, adoptive cell transfer (ACT), oncolytic virus, monotherapy, including Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) and T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), as well as precision medicine, may present a prospective route towards achieving curative outcomes in SCLC. This review aims to synthesize extant literature and highlight future directions in SCLC treatment, acknowledging the persistent challenges in the field. Furthermore, the continual development of novel therapeutic agents and technologies renders the future of SCLC treatment increasingly optimistic.
小细胞肺癌（SCLC）约占所有肺癌诊断病例的10%至15%，因其高死亡率而成为紧迫的全球公共卫生挑战。SCLC传统治疗方法的疗效欠佳，其特点是抗肿瘤作用有限且频繁复发。在此背景下，新兴研究已转向免疫疗法联合化疗，这一快速发展的领域在改善SCLC患者的临床结局方面已显示出前景。这些疗法最初是为非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）开发的，但已为SCLC开辟了新的治疗途径。目前，一系列新兴的热点治疗方法已显示出显著的治疗效果。基于化疗与免疫疗法的融合以及新型免疫治疗药物的研发，SCLC的治疗前景充满希望。新兴的临床试验数据表明，通过联合使用化疗、免疫疗法和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）来增强肿瘤免疫微环境已取得进展。此外，免疫疗法、靶向疗法和化疗相结合的三方方法在未来临床应用中似乎前景良好。克服免疫治疗后方案的耐药性仍然是一个亟待探索的领域。最后，双特异性抗体、过继性细胞转移（ACT）、溶瘤病毒、单药治疗，包括Delta样配体3（DLL3）和具有Ig和ITIM结构域的T细胞免疫受体（TIGIT），以及精准医学，可能为实现SCLC的治愈性结局提供一条前瞻性途径。本综述旨在综合现有文献，突出SCLC治疗的未来方向，同时承认该领域存在的持续挑战。此外，新型治疗药物和技术的不断发展使SCLC治疗的未来越来越乐观。
