Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Debre Birhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Aug 16;24(1):2236. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19758-2.
Despite the intended 50% reduction in anemia in women of reproductive age, this tendency has only worsened. Even though iron deficiency is the most prevalent cause of anemia, anemia and chronic illnesses like HIV are closely associated; in fact, 48.6% of people living with HIV who were 15 years of age or older had anemia. However, the burden of anemia among HIV-positive women in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is not well documented. Therefore, the goal of our research was to investigate anemia and the factors that are linked to it in SSA women who had HIV infections.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using demographic and health survey datasets from 18 SSA countries. A total of 7823 weighted samples were included. STATA version 16 software was used for analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% CI and a p-value < 0.05 was used to declare significantly associated factors.
The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 45.1% [95% CI: 43.97-46.18%]. Of those 5.05%, 37.97%, and 56.97% were severely, moderately, and mildly anemic, respectively. Education level of primary [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.89], secondary [AOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98], and higher [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99], as well as current contraceptive use [AOR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.87] were negatively associated with anemia. While pregnancy [AOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.94], breast feeding [AOR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.64], health insurance [AOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.80], and menstruation within six weeks prior to data collection [AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.20, 1.54] had a significant positive relation with anemia among HIV-infected women in SSA countries.
Anemia is a serious public health problem among HIV-infected women in SSA countries. Pregnancy, breast feeding, health insurance, and menstruation within six weeks prior to data collection were significant risk factors. On the other education and current contraceptive use were significant protective factors for anemia among HIV-infected women in SSA countries. Therefore, strategies aimed at early identification of anemia may lead to an improvement in the health of HIV-infected women.
尽管育龄妇女贫血人数减少了 50%，但这一趋势却在恶化。尽管缺铁是导致贫血的最常见原因，但贫血与艾滋病毒等慢性疾病密切相关；事实上，年龄在 15 岁及以上的 48.6%艾滋病毒感染者患有贫血。然而，撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）国家艾滋病毒阳性妇女贫血的负担并没有得到很好的记录。因此，我们的研究目的是调查感染艾滋病毒的 SSA 妇女贫血及其相关因素。
使用来自 18 个 SSA 国家的人口和健康调查数据集进行了横断面研究。共纳入 7823 个加权样本。使用 STATA 版本 16 软件进行分析。采用多水平逻辑回归模型进行拟合。使用调整后的比值比（95%置信区间和 p 值<0.05）来表示显著相关的因素。
总体贫血患病率为 45.1%（95%置信区间：43.97%-46.18%）。其中 5.05%、37.97%和 56.97%分别为严重、中度和轻度贫血。小学教育程度[比值比（AOR）=0.74，95%置信区间（CI）：0.62，0.89]、中学教育程度[AOR=0.81，95%CI：0.68，0.98]和高等教育程度[AOR=0.74，95%CI：0.55，0.99]，以及当前使用避孕药具[AOR=0.74，95%CI：0.63，0.87]与贫血呈负相关。而怀孕[AOR=1.51，95%CI：1.17，1.94]、母乳喂养[AOR=1.38，95%CI：1.17，1.64]、健康保险[AOR=1.50，95%CI：1.25，1.80]和数据收集前六周内的月经[AOR=1.36，95%CI：1.20，1.54]与 SSA 国家感染艾滋病毒的妇女贫血呈显著正相关。
贫血是撒哈拉以南非洲国家感染艾滋病毒妇女的一个严重公共卫生问题。怀孕、母乳喂养、健康保险和数据收集前六周内的月经是贫血的显著危险因素。另一方面，教育程度和当前使用避孕药具是 SSA 国家感染艾滋病毒妇女贫血的显著保护因素。因此，旨在早期发现贫血的策略可能会改善艾滋病毒感染妇女的健康。
