Khaledi Mansoor, Khatami Mehrdad, Hemmati Jaber, Bakhti Shahriar, Hoseini Seyedeh Asal, Ghahramanpour Hossein
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Mol Biotechnol. 2024 Aug 17. doi: 10.1007/s12033-024-01248-w.
Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are a key part of gene expression regulation in bacteria. Many physiologic activities like adaptation to environmental stresses, antibiotic resistance, quorum sensing, and modulation of the host immune response are regulated directly or indirectly by sRNAs in Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, sRNAs can be considered as potentially useful therapeutic options. They have opened promising perspectives in the field of diagnosis of pathogens and treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms. Identification of sRNAs can be executed by sequence and expression-based methods. Despite the valuable progress in the last two decades, and discovery of new sRNAs, their exact role in biological pathways especially in co-operation with other biomolecules involved in gene expression regulation such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), riboswitches, and other sRNAs needs further investigation. Although the numerous RNA databases are available, including 59 databases used by RNAcentral, there remains a significant gap in the absence of a comprehensive and professional database that categorizes experimentally validated sRNAs in Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we review the present knowledge about most recent and important sRNAs and their regulatory mechanism, strengths and weaknesses of current methods of sRNAs identification. Also, we try to demonstrate the potential applications and new insights of sRNAs for future studies.
小非编码RNA（sRNA）是细菌基因表达调控的关键部分。在革兰氏阴性菌中，许多生理活动，如对环境压力的适应、抗生素抗性、群体感应以及宿主免疫反应的调节，都直接或间接受sRNA调控。因此，sRNA可被视为潜在有用的治疗选择。它们在病原体诊断和由抗生素抗性生物体引起的感染治疗领域开辟了前景广阔的视角。sRNA的鉴定可通过基于序列和表达的方法来进行。尽管在过去二十年中取得了宝贵进展并发现了新的sRNA，但其在生物途径中的确切作用，尤其是与参与基因表达调控的其他生物分子（如RNA结合蛋白（RBP）、核糖开关和其他sRNA）协同作用时的确切作用，仍需进一步研究。尽管有众多RNA数据库可用，包括RNAcentral使用的59个数据库，但在缺乏一个全面且专业的数据库来对革兰氏阴性病原体中经过实验验证的sRNA进行分类方面，仍存在显著差距。在此，我们综述了关于最新且重要的sRNA及其调控机制的现有知识、当前sRNA鉴定方法的优缺点。此外，我们还试图展示sRNA在未来研究中的潜在应用和新见解。
