Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China.
Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases/Shandong Control Center for Digestive Diseases, Jining, Shandong 272000, China.
Trop Biomed. 2024 Jun 1;41(2):134-141. doi: 10.47665/tb.41.2.001.
Malaria is an insect-borne disease transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes or the importation of Plasmodium-infected blood, posing a serious threat to human health and life safety. This study aims to analyze the incidence of malaria in Qingdao at various stages from 1949 to 2021, to collate the control measures taken at different epidemic stages to assess the effectiveness of malaria control, and to identify a set of malaria control strategies suitable for Qingdao, while providing Chinese experience for other countries or cities in their malaria elimination efforts. A retrospective survey was used to collect information on malaria cases, control measures and prevention and control effects in Qingdao from 1949 to 2021, and to evaluate malaria control strategies and measures in Qingdao. 704 155 cases have been reported from 1949 to 2021, with three epidemic peaks: the incidence rate was 1715.9/100 000 in 1961, 1409.7/100 000 in 1965, and the most severe case occurred in 1972, with an incidence rate of 1635.6/100 000 and a case count exceeding 90 000. Throughout the various stages of malaria epidemics, Qingdao has effectively eliminated indigenous malaria by implementing diverse preventive and control measures. Since the last indigenous case of Plasmodium vivax was reported in 2002, all locally reported cases have been imported, mainly by returning migrant workers from Africa. This study examines a range of malaria prevention and control strategies and interventions that are appropriate for Qingdao. These measures have enabled Qingdao to successfully eliminate malaria and maintain malaria-free status for more than 20 years. These measures can also serve as a reference for similarly situated cities in Africa and Southeast Asia.
疟疾是一种由按蚊传播的虫媒病，或输入感染疟原虫的血液，严重威胁人类健康和生命安全。本研究旨在分析 1949 年至 2021 年青岛各阶段疟疾的发病率，整理不同流行阶段采取的控制措施，评估疟疾控制效果，确定一套适合青岛的疟疾控制策略，为其他国家或城市消除疟疾提供中国经验。采用回顾性调查方法，收集 1949 年至 2021 年青岛疟疾病例、控制措施和防治效果信息，评估青岛疟疾控制策略和措施。1949 年至 2021 年共报告 704155 例，有 3 个流行高峰：1961 年发病率为 1715.9/10 万，1965 年为 1409.7/10 万，最严重的一年是 1972 年，发病率为 1635.6/10 万，病例数超过 90000 例。在疟疾流行的各个阶段，青岛通过实施多种预防控制措施，有效消除了本地疟疾。自 2002 年最后一例间日疟原虫本地感染病例报告以来，所有本地报告的病例均为输入性病例，主要由从非洲返回的农民工引起。本研究考察了一系列适合青岛的疟疾预防和控制策略和干预措施。这些措施使青岛成功消除了疟疾，并保持了 20 多年的无疟状态。这些措施也可以为非洲和东南亚类似情况的城市提供参考。
