Battista Francesca, Bettini Silvia, Verde Ludovica, Busetto Luca, Barrea Luigi, Muscogiuri Giovanna
Sports and Exercise Medicine Division, Regional Center for the therapeutic prescription of exercise in chronic disease, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity (CeSTIO), Internal Medicine 3, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
Eur J Intern Med. 2024 Dec;130:9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.08.007. Epub 2024 Aug 18.
Obesity is a disease that is assuming pandemic proportions in recent decades. With the advancement of medicine and increased access to care, average survival has increased, resulting in a larger number of elderly people. As a result, the amount of elderly people living with obesity is increasing, and the morbidity and impact of obesity on ageing implies severe limitations for these people. The link between obesity and ageing is not only epidemiological, but also strictly pathophysiological. Obesity accelerates the ageing process and ageing is characterised by pathophysiological mechanisms shared by obesity itself. Some examples of alterations shared by ageing and obesity are metabolic changes, sarcopenia and reduced functional capacity related to both loss of muscle strength and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as a general reduction in the perception of quality of life. The specific ability to antagonize these mechanisms through non-pharmacological treatment based on nutrition and exercise has always been one of the focal points of the international literature. Therefore, this review provides the state of the art on scientific knowledge regarding the main effects of an adequate nutritional plan and an individualised exercise prescription on the general health of elderly with obesity. In particular, this paper addresses the effect of nutrition and physical exercise on pathophysiological changes peculiar of ageing and obesity, providing also the scientific rational for nutritional and exercise prescription in the population.
肥胖是一种近几十年来呈大流行态势的疾病。随着医学的进步和医疗可及性的提高，平均寿命延长，导致老年人数量增多。因此，肥胖老年人的数量在增加，肥胖对衰老的发病率和影响意味着这些人的严重局限性。肥胖与衰老之间的联系不仅是流行病学上的，而且在病理生理学上也紧密相关。肥胖加速衰老过程，而衰老的特征是肥胖本身所共有的病理生理机制。衰老和肥胖共有的一些变化例子包括代谢改变、肌肉减少症以及与肌肉力量丧失和心肺功能下降相关的功能能力降低，还有生活质量总体感知的下降。通过基于营养和运动的非药物治疗来对抗这些机制的具体能力一直是国际文献的重点之一。因此，本综述提供了关于适当营养计划和个性化运动处方对肥胖老年人总体健康的主要影响的科学知识现状。特别是，本文探讨了营养和体育锻炼对衰老和肥胖特有的病理生理变化的影响，还为该人群的营养和运动处方提供了科学依据。
