Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, Porto, Portugal.
Pediatr Obes. 2024 Oct;19(10):e13158. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.13158. Epub 2024 Aug 18.
Calcium intake has been associated with lower adiposity, but few studies explored the longitudinal relation of calcium from different sources and cardiometabolic markers in young population.
Prospectively estimate the association between dairy and non-dairy calcium intake at 4, 7, and 10 years (y) of age and cardiometabolic risk at 13 y.
The sample included 4017 participants from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Dietary data were collected from a 3-day food diary. Cardiometabolic clusters at 13 y were estimated by a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model (z-score of waist circumference [WC], HOMA-IR; HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure [BP]). Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate associations.
Calcium intake (/100 mg), after adjustment for confounders, was negatively and significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (β = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.04; -0.01), WC (cm) (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.36; -0.11), and diastolic BP (mmHg) (β = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.26; -0.03). After additional adjustment for total energy intake, associations lose statistical significance. Calcium intake from milk at 7 y was inversely associated with WC (β = -0.25, 95% CI: -0.48; -0.03) and from yogurt at 10 y was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03; 0.13) and WC (β = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.12; 0.96). Calcium from vegetables at 4, 7, 10 y reduces later cardiometabolic risk (OR = 0.71; OR = 0.84; OR = 0.98, respectively).
This study supports a protective effect of calcium on adolescents' cardiometabolic health, especially from vegetables.
钙的摄入量与较低的肥胖率有关，但很少有研究探讨年轻人中不同来源的钙与心血管代谢标志物的纵向关系。
前瞻性评估 4 岁、7 岁和 10 岁时（y）摄入乳制品和非乳制品钙与 13 岁时心血管代谢风险的关系。
该样本包括来自 21 世纪出生队列的 4017 名参与者。饮食数据来自 3 天的食物日记。在 13 岁时，通过概率高斯混合模型（腰围[WC]、HOMA-IR 的 Z 分数；高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和收缩压[BP]）估计心血管代谢群。使用多变量线性和逻辑回归模型来估计相关性。
在校正混杂因素后，钙摄入量（/100mg）与体重指数（BMI）（β=-0.02，95%置信区间：-0.04；-0.01）、腰围（cm）（β=-0.23，95%置信区间：-0.36；-0.11）和舒张压（mmHg）（β=-0.14，95%置信区间：-0.26；-0.03）呈负相关且具有统计学意义。在进一步调整总能量摄入后，相关性失去统计学意义。7 岁时摄入的牛奶钙与 WC 呈负相关（β=-0.25，95%置信区间：-0.48；-0.03），而 10 岁时摄入的酸奶钙与 BMI（β=0.08，95%置信区间：0.03；0.13）和 WC（β=0.54，95%置信区间：0.12；0.96）升高相关。4 岁、7 岁和 10 岁时摄入蔬菜中的钙可降低以后的心血管代谢风险（OR=0.71；OR=0.84；OR=0.98）。
本研究支持钙对青少年心血管代谢健康的保护作用，尤其是来自蔬菜的钙。
