New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2024 Nov 1;33(6):557-565. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000001022. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Serum creatinine reflects both muscle mass and kidney function. Serum cystatin C has recently been recommended as an additional marker for estimating kidney function, and use of both markers together may provide an index of muscle mass. This review aims to describe the biological basis for and recent research examining the relationship of these markers to muscle mass in a range of adult populations and settings.
This review identified 67 studies, 50 of which had direct measures of muscle mass, and almost all found relationships between serum creatinine and cystatin C and muscle mass and related outcomes. Most studies have been performed in older adults, but similar associations were found in general populations as well as in subgroups with cancer, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and other morbid conditions. Creatinine to cystatin C ratio was the measure examined the most often, but other measures showed similar associations across studies.
Measures of serum creatinine and cystatin C together can be an index of muscle mass. They are simple and reliable measures that can be used in clinical practice and research. Further study is needed to determine actionable threshold values for each measure and clinical utility of testing and intervention.
血清肌酐反映肌肉量和肾功能。血清胱抑素 C 最近被推荐作为估计肾功能的附加标志物，联合使用这两种标志物可能提供肌肉量的指标。本综述旨在描述这些标志物与各种成年人群和环境中的肌肉量的关系的生物学基础和最近的研究。
本综述确定了 67 项研究，其中 50 项有直接的肌肉量测量，几乎所有研究都发现了血清肌酐和胱抑素 C 与肌肉量和相关结局之间的关系。大多数研究都在老年人中进行，但在一般人群以及患有癌症、慢性肾脏病（CKD）和其他疾病的亚组中也发现了类似的关联。肌酐与胱抑素 C 的比值是最常被检查的指标，但其他指标在研究中也显示出类似的相关性。
血清肌酐和胱抑素 C 的联合测量可以作为肌肉量的指标。它们是简单可靠的测量方法，可用于临床实践和研究。需要进一步研究以确定每个测量指标的可操作阈值值以及测试和干预的临床实用性。
