Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
Anat Histol Embryol. 2024 Sep;53(5):e13103. doi: 10.1111/ahe.13103.
Dromedary camels can survive and reproduce in desert areas. The unique anatomical structure of the kidney enables the camel to prevent water loss. The present study aimed to investigate the ultrastructure of the peroxisomes in the normal kidney of the adult dromedary camel. Tissue samples were taken from the cortex and outer medulla of the kidney of eight camels. The samples were then processed for histological and ultrastructural investigations. The epithelial cells of the proximal tubules displayed peroxisomes with varying sizes and shapes. The peroxisomes were observed in either dispersed or clustered arrangement. Each peroxisome exhibited a homogenous matrix enveloped by a single membrane. Several peroxisomes exhibited one or more dark marginal plates that were always strongly associated with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The intensity of the peroxisomal matrix differed significantly, either within the same cell or across different cells. The intensity was light or dark, with a few peroxisomes presenting a similar intensity to that of the mitochondria. Some peroxisomes contained nucleoids within their matrix. The peroxisomes in the first and second sections of proximal convoluted tubules were scattered and primarily located in the region between the microvilli and the underlying mitochondria. The peroxisomes in the third region were abundant and frequently aggregated in clusters throughout the cytoplasm. In the fourth region, the number of peroxisomes was low. The proximal straight tubule had a limited quantity of peroxisomes. In conclusion, peroxisomes in the proximal tubule in kidney of normal dromedary camel were similar in shape and size to other mammals; however, heterogeneity exists as a result of differences in species-specific peroxisomal proteins. Peroxisomes are suggested to be a major source of metabolic energy and act as hydrogen peroxide (HO) scavengers, resulting in the release of water and oxygen.
单峰驼可以在沙漠地区生存和繁殖。肾脏独特的解剖结构使骆驼能够防止水分流失。本研究旨在研究成年单峰驼正常肾脏中过氧化物酶体的超微结构。从 8 只骆驼的肾脏皮质和外髓质采集组织样本。然后对样本进行组织学和超微结构研究。近端肾小管的上皮细胞显示出大小和形状不同的过氧化物酶体。过氧化物酶体呈弥散或聚集排列。每个过氧化物酶体都有一个均匀的基质，被单层膜包裹。一些过氧化物酶体显示出一个或多个暗的边缘板，这些边缘板总是与光滑内质网强烈相关。过氧化物酶体基质的强度在同一细胞内或不同细胞之间差异显著，有的呈浅色或深色，少数过氧化物酶体的强度与线粒体相似。一些过氧化物酶体的基质内含有核体。近端曲管的第一和第二段的过氧化物酶体分散，主要位于微绒毛和下面的线粒体之间的区域。第三段的过氧化物酶体丰富，经常在整个细胞质中聚集形成簇。在第四段，过氧化物酶体的数量较少。近端直小管含有有限数量的过氧化物酶体。总之，正常单峰驼肾脏近端小管中的过氧化物酶体在形状和大小上与其他哺乳动物相似；然而，由于物种特异性过氧化物酶体蛋白的差异，存在异质性。过氧化物酶体被认为是代谢能量的主要来源，并作为过氧化氢 (HO) 的清除剂，导致水和氧气的释放。
