Xu Xu, Li Jingyun, Zhang Xu, Xi Lin, Gao Yunbo, Li Xian, Zhang Yuan, Zhang Luo
Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
World Allergy Organ J. 2024 Jul 4;17(7):100930. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2024.100930. eCollection 2024 Jul.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a typical type 2 inflammatory disease and eosinophils play a critical role of cardinal effectors in type 2 inflammation. However, the distribution of eosinophils in patients with different subtypes of rhinitis and the effect of allergen exposure on them remain understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and factors influencing the distribution of systemic and local eosinophils in patients with non-AR (NAR), perennial AR (PAR), and seasonal AR (SAR), as well as the effect of seasonal allergen exposure levels on eosinophils.
This was a population-based, cross-sectional observational study of consecutive chronic rhinitis (CR) outpatients who volunteered to participate in the survey during the spring pollen season and non-pollen season of 2023 in Beijing. All participants underwent serum allergen testing, blood routine examination, and nasal secretion smear cytology, and completed questionnaires mainly involving basic information, history review, and symptom assessment. Spring pollen dispersal concentration were considered.
A total of 558 CR patients eligible for enrollment were collected, including 198 NAR, 204 PAR, and 156 SAR patients. PAR had the highest blood eosinophil levels and the most severe overall nasal and ocular symptoms of SAR. Compared with subjects with blood eosinophil counts <0.3 × 10/L, those with ≥0.3 × 10/L had significantly more severe nasal and ocular symptoms and a significantly higher rate of comorbid asthma and allergic conjunctivitis. Blood eosinophil levels were significantly higher in SAR patients during the pollen season compared to the non-pollen season, and pollen concentrations were positively correlated with systemic and local eosinophil levels.
Blood eosinophil levels varied in patients with different subtypes of rhinitis. Patients with high blood eosinophil levels had more severe overall nasal and ocular symptoms, and that blood eosinophils levels were significantly higher in patients with asthma or allergic conjunctivitis than patients without comorbidities. There was a positive trend between allergen exposure and systemic and local eosinophil levels. Further longitudinal cohort studies are still needed to better analyze the influence of eosinophil levels on the clinical traits of AR.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种典型的2型炎症性疾病，嗜酸性粒细胞在2型炎症中起关键效应细胞的作用。然而，不同亚型鼻炎患者中嗜酸性粒细胞的分布以及变应原暴露对其的影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在调查非AR（NAR）、常年性AR（PAR）和季节性AR（SAR）患者全身和局部嗜酸性粒细胞分布的特征及影响因素，以及季节性变应原暴露水平对嗜酸性粒细胞的影响。
这是一项基于人群的横断面观察性研究，研究对象为2023年北京春季花粉季节和非花粉季节自愿参与调查的连续性慢性鼻炎（CR）门诊患者。所有参与者均接受血清变应原检测、血常规检查和鼻分泌物涂片细胞学检查，并完成主要涉及基本信息、病史回顾和症状评估的问卷。考虑了春季花粉飘散浓度。
共收集到558例符合入组标准的CR患者，其中NAR患者198例，PAR患者204例，SAR患者156例。PAR患者的血液嗜酸性粒细胞水平最高，SAR患者的总体鼻和眼部症状最严重。与血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数<0.3×10⁹/L的受试者相比，≥0.3×10⁹/L的受试者鼻和眼部症状明显更严重，合并哮喘和变应性结膜炎的发生率明显更高。与非花粉季节相比，SAR患者在花粉季节的血液嗜酸性粒细胞水平明显更高，花粉浓度与全身和局部嗜酸性粒细胞水平呈正相关。
不同亚型鼻炎患者的血液嗜酸性粒细胞水平不同。血液嗜酸性粒细胞水平高的患者总体鼻和眼部症状更严重，哮喘或变应性结膜炎患者的血液嗜酸性粒细胞水平明显高于无合并症患者。变应原暴露与全身和局部嗜酸性粒细胞水平之间存在正相关趋势。仍需要进一步的纵向队列研究，以更好地分析嗜酸性粒细胞水平对AR临床特征的影响。
