Reddy Leelakrishna
Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 11;10(15):e34477. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34477. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Apart from the use of sun therapy for the cure of many skin diseases and disorders of bygone days, nowadays artificial light sources of a narrowband (NB) ultraviolet-B (UV-B) have effectively revolutionized the treatment of such skin diseases. The crucial role of gadolinium (Gd) ions in calcium-based hosts lies in their narrowband emission spectrum, specifically at 311-315 nm, attributed to the P to S transition. Calcium-based materials, known for their chemical stability, facilitate Gd embedding, enabling UV activation and express emission in the narrowband range. This emission spectrum is well-suited for skin treatments, aligning with the action spectrum of various skin diseases. Gd activated host materials in fluorescent lamps are considered prime sources of NB-UVB emissions. Calcium-based host materials are proving to be popular environments for embedding of dopants for such emissions. Calcium-based phosphor materials are leading the research in phototherapy applications due to their strong UV-B emissions, especially when activated by Gd ions. Applications of phosphor host materials of this nature are generally chemically and thermally stable, have a low synthesis temperature and which produce enhanced NB-UVB emissions specifically suited for phototherapy lamps. This paper is a review of calcium -based phosphor host materials in Gd activated materials or through energy transfers from sensitized dopant ions for enhanced NB-UVB emissions that is pertinent for treatments of many skin diseases such as psoriasis, vitiligo, eczema, and many other skin conditions.
除了过去使用日光疗法治疗多种皮肤病和皮肤疾病外，如今窄带（NB）紫外线B（UV-B）人工光源已经有效地彻底改变了此类皮肤病的治疗方法。钆（Gd）离子在钙基基质中的关键作用在于其窄带发射光谱，特别是在311 - 315纳米处，这归因于从P到S的跃迁。以化学稳定性著称的钙基材料有助于钆的嵌入，实现紫外线激活并在窄带范围内产生发射。这种发射光谱非常适合皮肤治疗，与各种皮肤病的作用光谱相匹配。荧光灯中的钆激活基质材料被认为是NB-UVB发射的主要来源。事实证明，钙基基质材料是用于此类发射的掺杂剂嵌入的理想环境。钙基磷光体材料因其强烈的UV-B发射，特别是在被钆离子激活时，在光疗应用研究中处于领先地位。这种性质的磷光体基质材料通常具有化学和热稳定性，合成温度低，并且能产生特别适合光疗灯的增强型NB-UVB发射。本文综述了钆激活材料中或通过敏化掺杂离子的能量转移以增强NB-UVB发射的钙基磷光体基质材料，这与治疗许多皮肤病如牛皮癣、白癜风、湿疹和许多其他皮肤病症相关。
