Franzo Giovanni, de Villiers Lourens, Coetzee Lauren M, de Villiers Mari, Nyathi Francis N, Garbade Maya, Hansen Chantal, Berjaoui Shadia, Ripà Paola, Lorusso Alessio, Molini Umberto
Dept. of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Italy.
School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag, 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 25;10(15):e34805. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34805. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly infectious virus that represents a threat for domestic dogs and several wild species. Despite recognized in several African countries, current knowledge of its molecular epidemiology is scarce and poorly updated.
Twenty-two hemagglutinin sequences, obtained from symptomatic Namibian dogs from 2020 to 2023, were analysed through phylogenetic and phylodynamic analysis to characterize the local CDV epidemiology and contextualize it in the international scenario.
Two unrelated clades were identified, including strains sampled in different Namibian towns, in the absence of a strong geographical clustering. The ancestors of the two clades were estimated to have originated from South America, likely Brazil, and South Africa, approximately in 2000 and 2006, respectively. While the introduction from South Africa was predictable, the introduction from Brazil was unexpected. The mediation of other African countries, particularly Angola, appears to be the most likely importation pathway.
The occurrence of multiple introduction events, likely originating from cross-border illegal animal trade between African countries, and the absence of any geographical clustering within Namibian regions, suggest a need for further investigation into its spreading pattern, as well as improved biosecurity measures to limit foreign viral introduction into the country.
犬瘟热病毒（CDV）是一种高度传染性病毒，对家犬和几种野生动物构成威胁。尽管在几个非洲国家已被确认，但目前对其分子流行病学的了解很少且更新不及时。
对2020年至2023年从有症状的纳米比亚犬只中获得的22个血凝素序列进行系统发育和系统动力学分析，以描述当地犬瘟热病毒的流行病学特征，并将其置于国际背景下进行分析。
鉴定出两个不相关的进化枝，包括在纳米比亚不同城镇采集的毒株，且不存在明显的地理聚类。估计这两个进化枝的祖先分别于2000年左右和2006年左右起源于南美洲（可能是巴西）和南非。虽然从南非的引入是可预测的，但从巴西的引入却出乎意料。其他非洲国家，特别是安哥拉的中介作用似乎是最有可能的进口途径。
可能源于非洲国家之间跨境非法动物贸易的多次引入事件的发生，以及纳米比亚各地区内不存在任何地理聚类现象，表明需要进一步调查其传播模式，并改进生物安全措施以限制外国病毒传入该国。
