Gowtage-Sequeira Sonya, Banyard Ashley C, Barrett Tom, Buczkowski Hubert, Funk Stephan M, Cleaveland Sarah
Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
J Wildl Dis. 2009 Oct;45(4):1008-20. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.1008.
Severe population declines have resulted from the spillover of canine distemper virus (CDV) into susceptible wildlife, with both domestic and wild canids being involved in the maintenance and transmission of the virus. This study (March 2001 to October 2003) collated case data, serologic, pathologic, and molecular data to describe the spillover of CDV from domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) to black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) during an epidemic on the Namibian coast. Antibody prevalence in jackals peaked at 74.1%, and the clinical signs and histopathologic observations closely resembled those observed in domestic dog cases. Viral RNA was isolated from the brain of a domestic dog from the outbreak area. Sequence data from the phosphoprotein (P) gene and the hemagglutinin (H) genes were used for phylogenetic analyses. The P gene sequence from the domestic dog shared 98% identity with the sequence data available for other CDV isolates of African carnivores. For the H gene, the two sequences available from the outbreak that decimated the lion population in Tanzania in 1994 were the closest match with the Namibian sample, being 94% identical across 1,122 base pairs (bp). Phylogenetic analyses based on this region clustered the Namibian sample with the CDV that is within the morbilliviruses. This is the first description of an epidemic involving black-backed jackals in Namibia, demonstrating that this species has the capacity for rapid and large-scale dissemination of CDV. This work highlights the threat posed to endangered wildlife in Namibia by the spillover of CDV from domestic dog populations. Very few sequence data are currently available for CDV isolates from African carnivores, and this work provides the first sequence data from a Namibian CDV isolate.
犬瘟热病毒（CDV）传播至易感野生动物导致了种群数量的严重下降，家犬和野生犬科动物均参与了该病毒的维持和传播。本研究（2001年3月至2003年10月）整理了病例数据、血清学、病理学和分子数据，以描述纳米比亚海岸疫情期间CDV从家犬（犬属家犬）传播至黑背胡狼（犬属黑背胡狼）的情况。胡狼的抗体流行率峰值为74.1%，其临床症状和组织病理学观察结果与家犬病例中观察到的情况极为相似。从疫情爆发地区的一只家犬大脑中分离出了病毒RNA。来自磷蛋白（P）基因和血凝素（H）基因的序列数据用于系统发育分析。家犬的P基因序列与其他非洲食肉动物CDV分离株的可用序列数据具有98%的同一性。对于H基因，1994年在坦桑尼亚致使狮子种群数量锐减的疫情中获得的两个序列与纳米比亚样本最为匹配，在1122个碱基对（bp）上有94%的同一性。基于该区域的系统发育分析将纳米比亚样本与麻疹病毒属中的CDV聚类在一起。这是纳米比亚首次描述涉及黑背胡狼的疫情，表明该物种有能力快速且大规模地传播CDV。这项工作凸显了家犬种群中CDV传播给纳米比亚濒危野生动物带来的威胁。目前非洲食肉动物CDV分离株的序列数据非常少，而这项工作提供了纳米比亚CDV分离株的首个序列数据。
