Craig Thomas P, Maughan Patrick, McArdle Michael Peter, Clark David R, Reid Donald
School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
The Scottish Football Association, Glasgow, UK.
Open Access J Sports Med. 2024 Aug 12;15:101-110. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S477808. eCollection 2024.
Increases in high-intensity locomotor activity of match play have been recorded in elite soccer. This places an onus on academy practitioners to develop players for the future demands of the game. At an academy level, locomotor data are not available for analysis over a longitudinal period, and thus changes can only be assessed with physical attribute assessment. The aim of the present study is to establish if changes in physical capacity were observed in a professional Scottish soccer academy over a ten-year period.
A retrospective analysis was completed where linear mixed effect (LME) models were individually fitted to explain variation across each measure of physical capacity. Model selection was undertaken with likelihood ratio tests where the initial complex models were compared to simpler nested models to arrive at the final model by maximum likelihood.
The main findings were that most recent players' sprint test data revealed a significant improvement in 5m, 10m and 20m sprint performance, greater increases in CMJ performance in older age groups, and greater increases in YYIR1 performance at U13 and U14. Most physical results showed increased performance with greater relative height and weight.
Players recruited more recently to academies are fitter than they were previously. Reference values within clubs that establish first team requirements will contribute to appropriate planning and implementation of training.
在精英足球比赛中，已记录到比赛中高强度运动活动的增加。这使得青训从业者有责任培养球员以满足未来比赛的需求。在青训层面，无法获得纵向时间段内的运动数据进行分析，因此只能通过身体属性评估来评估变化。本研究的目的是确定在一个专业的苏格兰足球青训营中，在十年期间身体能力是否发生了变化。
完成了一项回顾性分析，其中分别拟合线性混合效应（LME）模型来解释各项身体能力指标的变化。通过似然比检验进行模型选择，将初始复杂模型与更简单的嵌套模型进行比较，以最大似然法得出最终模型。
主要发现是，最近球员的短跑测试数据显示，5米、10米和20米短跑成绩有显著提高，年龄较大组别的纵跳成绩增长更大，13岁和14岁组别的Yo-Yo间歇耐力跑1级（YYIR1）成绩增长更大。大多数身体测试结果显示，身高和体重相对较大时成绩有所提高。
最近招募到青训营的球员比以前更健康。俱乐部内确定一线队要求的参考值将有助于训练的适当规划和实施。
