Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 111559516, Iran.
ACS Chem Neurosci. 2024 Oct 2;15(19):3513-3524. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00420. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Dopaminergic agents are compounds that modulate dopamine-related activity in the brain and peripheral nerves within the pathways on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Atypical levels of them can precipitate a multitude of neurological disorders, whose timely diagnosis signifies not only stopping the advancement of the illness but also surmounting it. A silver metallized gold nanorod (AuNRs) conditional sensor array, designed to detect dopaminergic agents for assessing nervous system disorders, yielded significant results in simultaneous detection and discrimination of Benserazide (Benz), Levodopa (L-DOPA), and Carbidopa (Carb). The array was composed of two different concentrations of silver ions as sensor elements (SEs), which generated unique signatures indicative of the presence of reductive target analytes, triggered by the incongruent formation of the Au@Ag core-shell, causing visual and fingerprint colorimetric patterns. Generating diverse responses is the key to the functionality of array-based sensing, which facilitated achieving spectral and color variation originating from the blue shift of AuNRs longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonance (LLSPR) in the extinction spectrum. Also, employing a smartphone camera enables clear visual discrimination across an extensive concentration span. Pattern recognition through linear discriminant analysis (LDA) underscored the robust discrimination accuracies of this sensor, along with quantification by means of partial least-squares regression (PLSR), affirming its potential for practical applications. Notably, the array demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting varied concentrations of target analytes, even in commercial drug samples. The sensor responses exhibited a linear correlation with the concentrations of Benz, L-DOPA, and Carb ranging from 1.59 to 100.0, 5.26 to 100.0, and 5.32 to 100.0 μmol L, respectively, and the minimum detectable concentrations for Benz, L-DOPA, and Carb were measured at 0.53, 1.75, and 1.77 μmol L, respectively. The implemented machine-learning-empowered array-based sensor represents advancements in dopaminergic agent tracing and naked eye detection.
多巴胺能药物是调节血脑屏障两侧通路中脑和外周神经内多巴胺相关活性的化合物。它们的异常水平可能引发多种神经紊乱，及时诊断不仅意味着阻止疾病的进展，而且还可以克服疾病。一种银金属化金纳米棒（AuNRs）条件传感器阵列，旨在检测多巴胺能药物以评估神经系统疾病，在同时检测和区分苯佐那嗪（Benz）、左旋多巴（L-DOPA）和卡比多巴（Carb）方面取得了显著成果。该阵列由两种不同浓度的银离子作为传感器元件（SE）组成，这些 SE 产生了独特的特征，表明存在还原目标分析物，这是由 Au@Ag 核壳的不一致形成触发的，导致视觉和指纹比色图案。产生多样化的响应是基于阵列的传感功能的关键，这使得能够实现源于 AuNRs 纵向局域表面等离子体共振（LLSPR）在消光谱中的蓝移的光谱和颜色变化。此外，使用智能手机摄像头可以在广泛的浓度范围内实现清晰的视觉区分。线性判别分析（LDA）的模式识别强调了这种传感器的强大区分准确性，以及通过偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）进行的定量，证实了其在实际应用中的潜力。值得注意的是，该阵列在检测目标分析物的各种浓度方面表现出高灵敏度，甚至在商业药物样本中也是如此。传感器响应与 Benz、L-DOPA 和 Carb 的浓度之间呈线性相关，范围分别为 1.59 至 100.0、5.26 至 100.0 和 5.32 至 100.0 μmol L，Benz、L-DOPA 和 Carb 的最小可检测浓度分别为 0.53、1.75 和 1.77 μmol L。所实施的基于机器学习的阵列传感器代表了在多巴胺能药物追踪和肉眼检测方面的进展。
