Khatam Al Nabieen University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
Department of Public Health & Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
BMJ Open. 2024 Aug 19;14(8):e079839. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079839.
The current study aimed to find the distribution and factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6-36 months in Kabul.
Cross-sectional study.
Public Ataturk Children's Hospital, Kabul.
A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic conditions and anthropometry of children. Logistic regression was used to find determinants of undernutrition.
The distribution of stunting, wasting and underweight was 38.7%, 11.9% and 30.6%, respectively. Among the children studied, 54% did not receive breast milk within the first hour of birth, 53.2% were not exclusively breastfed, 21% received complementary feeding before the age of 6 months, 22.1% lacked access to safe water and 44.7% did not practise hand washing with soap. The odds of stunting were lower (p<0.05) in girls (AOR 5.511, 95% CI 3.028 to 10.030), children of educated fathers (OR 0.288, 95% CI 0.106 to 0.782), those from nuclear families (OR 0.280, 95% CI 0.117 to 1.258), those exclusively breastfed (OR 0.499, 95% CI 0.222 to 1.51) and those practising good hygienic practices (OR 0.440, 95% CI 0.229 to 0.847). Boys had high odd of girls (OR 6.824, 95% CI 3.543 to 13.143) while children of educated fathers (OR 0.340, 95% CI 0.119 to 0.973), those receiving complementary food at 6 months (OR 0.368, 95% CI 0.148 to 1.393) and those practising good hygiene (OR 0.310, 95% CI 0.153 to 0.631) had lower odds (p<0.05) of being underweight. Boys (OR 3.702, 95% CI 1.537 to 8.916) had higher odds of being wasted, whereas children of educated mothers (OR 0.480, 95% CI 0.319 to 4.660), those from nuclear families (OR 0.356, 95% CI 0.113 to 1.117), those receiving early breast feeding (OR 0.435, 95% CI 0.210 to 1.341) and those practising hand washing (OR 0.290, 95% CI 0.112 to 0.750) had lower odds (p<0.05) of being wasted.
This study demonstrated the sex of the child, illiteracy of fathers, not practising hand washing and not observing hygiene, late initiation of breast milk, complementary feeding timings, and lack of proper exclusive breast feeding as contributing factors to the under-nutrition of the children in the study population.
本研究旨在探讨喀布尔 6-36 月龄儿童营养不良的分布情况及相关因素。
横断面研究。
喀布尔阿塔图尔克儿童医院。
385 名。
采用问卷调查收集儿童社会人口学状况和人体测量学资料。采用 logistic 回归分析寻找营养不良的决定因素。
研究中，生长迟缓、消瘦和体重不足的发生率分别为 38.7%、11.9%和 30.6%。在研究的儿童中，54%的儿童在出生后 1 小时内未接受母乳喂养，53.2%的儿童未进行纯母乳喂养，21%的儿童在 6 个月前接受补充喂养，22.1%的儿童无法获得安全用水，44.7%的儿童未用肥皂洗手。女童（OR 5.511，95%CI 3.028 至 10.030）、父亲受过教育的儿童（OR 0.288，95%CI 0.106 至 0.782）、来自核心家庭的儿童（OR 0.280，95%CI 0.117 至 1.258）、纯母乳喂养的儿童（OR 0.499，95%CI 0.222 至 1.510）和良好卫生习惯实践的儿童（OR 0.440，95%CI 0.229 至 0.847）发生生长迟缓的几率较低（p<0.05）。而男孩（OR 6.824，95%CI 3.543 至 13.143）、父亲受过教育的儿童（OR 0.340，95%CI 0.119 至 0.973）、6 个月时接受补充食物的儿童（OR 0.368，95%CI 0.148 至 1.393）和良好卫生习惯实践的儿童（OR 0.310，95%CI 0.153 至 0.631）体重不足的几率较低（p<0.05）。男孩（OR 3.702，95%CI 1.537 至 8.916）出现消瘦的几率较高，而母亲受过教育的儿童（OR 0.480，95%CI 0.319 至 4.660）、来自核心家庭的儿童（OR 0.356，95%CI 0.113 至 1.117）、早期母乳喂养的儿童（OR 0.435，95%CI 0.210 至 1.341）和洗手的儿童（OR 0.290，95%CI 0.112 至 0.750）消瘦的几率较低（p<0.05）。
本研究表明，儿童的性别、父亲的文化程度、未洗手和未遵守卫生习惯、母乳喂养开始时间晚、补充喂养时间不当以及未能进行适当的纯母乳喂养是造成研究人群中儿童营养不足的因素。
