Department of Medical Data Intelligence, Research Center for Health-Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
Faculty of Sustainable System Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka City, Japan.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 20;19(8):e0309328. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309328. eCollection 2024.
This study examines baseball players' recognition framework of out, ball, and strike counts in baseball games and clarifies the differences in psychological perspectives between batters and pitchers. The participants were 396 players (294 batters and 102 pitchers) belonging to baseball clubs at eight universities. Participants answered 288 questions for all game situations by combining out, ball, and strike counts and runner position. The advantages for batters or pitchers were evaluated using a 7-point Likert scale (from very advantageous for batters to very advantageous for pitchers). Factor analysis indicated four significant factors (36 items): "Batter's advantage count," "Pitcher's advantage count," "2 out young count," and "0 out young count." In a direct comparison of these factors between batters and pitchers, batters were more aware of their advantage over pitchers in the factors "Batter's advantage count" and "0 out young count" and disadvantage in the "Pitcher's advantage count." Significant differences in recognition of these factors were observed between batters and pitchers. Batters were more susceptible to game situations than were pitchers. Our findings suggest that baseball players recognize several types of game situations, although not an infinite number.
本研究考察了棒球运动员在棒球比赛中对出局数、球数和投球数的识别框架，并阐明了击球手和投手之间在心理视角上的差异。参与者为来自八所大学的棒球俱乐部的 396 名运动员（294 名击球手和 102 名投手）。参与者通过组合出局数、球数和投球数以及跑垒员的位置回答了 288 个所有比赛情况的问题。使用 7 点李克特量表（从对击球手非常有利到对投手非常有利）评估了对击球手或投手的优势。因素分析表明有四个显著因素（36 个项目）：“击球手优势数”、“投手优势数”、“两出局年轻数”和“零出局年轻数”。在击球手和投手之间对这些因素进行直接比较时，击球手在“击球手优势数”和“零出局年轻数”这两个因素中比投手更能意识到自己对投手的优势，而在“投手优势数”这一因素中则处于劣势。击球手和投手对这些因素的识别存在显著差异。击球手比投手更容易受到比赛情况的影响。我们的研究结果表明，棒球运动员虽然不能识别无限数量的比赛情况，但他们可以识别几种类型的比赛情况。
