Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval Québec, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de Recherche CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
J Nutr. 2024 Oct;154(10):2963-2975. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.08.014. Epub 2024 Aug 18.
Maple syrup, a minimally transformed sweetener rich in polyphenols, can exert a action and improve metabolic parameters in animal models. However, no randomized clinical trial has investigated this.
This study aims to determine whether replacing refined sugars with an equivalent quantity of maple syrup could decrease key cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with mild metabolic alterations.
In a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial with 42 overweight adults with mild cardiometabolic alterations, participants were instructed to substitute 5% of their total caloric intake from added sugars with either maple syrup or an artificially flavored sucrose syrup for 8 wk. The primary outcome included changes in glucose homeostasis, whereas secondary outcomes were changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors such as blood pressure, anthropometric indices, and blood lipid profiles. Exploratory outcomes involved analyzing changes in gut microbiota composition.
Replacing refined sugars with maple syrup over 8 wk decreased the glucose area under the curve when compared with substituting refined sugars with sucrose syrup, as determined during the oral glucose tolerance test, leading to a significant difference between the intervention arms (-50.59 ± 201.92 compared with 29.93 ± 154.90; P < 0.047). Substituting refined sugar with maple syrup also significantly decreased android fat mass (-7.83 ± 175.05 g compared with 67.61 ± 206.71 g; P = 0.02) and systolic blood pressure (-2.72 ± 8.73 mm Hg compared with 0.87 ± 8.99 mm Hg; P = 0.03). No changes in the blood lipid profile were observed. As an exploratory outcome, we further observed that substituting refined sugars with maple syrup promoted selective taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota such as a significant reduction in the abundance of Klebsiella species and decreased microbial functions associated with bacterial-induced cytokine response, when compared with substitution with sucrose syrup.
Substituting refined sugars with maple syrup in individuals with mild metabolic alterations result in a significantly greater reduction of key cardiometabolic risk factors compared with substitution with sucrose syrup, in association with specific changes in gut microbiota. The role of the gut microbiota in these effects remains to be further explored. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04117802.
枫糖浆是一种经过轻微加工的甜味剂，富含多酚，它可以在动物模型中发挥作用并改善代谢参数。然而，目前还没有随机临床试验对此进行研究。
本研究旨在确定用等量的枫糖浆替代精制糖是否可以降低轻度代谢异常个体的主要心血管代谢风险因素。
在一项有 42 名超重且有轻度心血管代谢异常的成年人参与的随机、双盲、对照交叉试验中，参与者被指示用枫糖浆或人工调味的蔗糖糖浆替代其总热量摄入的 5%，持续 8 周。主要结局包括葡萄糖稳态的变化，次要结局包括血压、人体测量指标和血脂谱等其他心血管代谢风险因素的变化。探索性结局涉及分析肠道微生物群落组成的变化。
与用蔗糖糖浆替代精制糖相比，用枫糖浆替代精制糖 8 周可降低口服葡萄糖耐量试验时的血糖曲线下面积，干预组之间存在显著差异（-50.59 ± 201.92 与 29.93 ± 154.90；P < 0.047）。用枫糖浆替代精制糖还显著降低了男性腹部脂肪量（-7.83 ± 175.05 克与 67.61 ± 206.71 克；P = 0.02）和收缩压（-2.72 ± 8.73 mmHg 与 0.87 ± 8.99 mmHg；P = 0.03）。血脂谱无变化。作为探索性结局，我们还进一步观察到，与用蔗糖糖浆替代精制糖相比，用枫糖浆替代精制糖可促进肠道微生物群落的选择性分类群变化，例如，克雷伯氏菌属物种的丰度显著降低，与细菌诱导的细胞因子反应相关的微生物功能降低。
与用蔗糖糖浆替代相比，在轻度代谢异常个体中用枫糖浆替代精制糖可显著降低主要心血管代谢风险因素，这与肠道微生物群落的特定变化有关。肠道微生物群在这些作用中的作用仍有待进一步探索。本试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册为 NCT04117802。
