Singh Pooja, Mohanty Satya Sundar, Mohanty Kaustubha
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.
Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Aug 6;12:1425933. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1425933. eCollection 2024.
The dairy industry is becoming one of the biggest sectors within the global food industry, and these industries use almost 34% of the water. The amount of water used is governed by the production process and the technologies employed in the plants. Consequently, the dairy industries generate almost 0.2-10 L of wastewater per liter of processed milk, which must be treated before being discharged into water bodies. The cultivation of microalgae in a mixotrophic regime using dairy wastewater enhances biomass growth, productivity, and the accumulation of value-added product. The generated biomass can be converted into biofuels, thus limiting the dependence on petroleum-based crude oil. To fulfill the algal biorefinery model, it is important to utilize every waste stream in a cascade loop. Additionally, the harvested water generated from algal biomass production can be recycled for further microalgal growth. Economic and sustainable wastewater management, along with proper reclamation of nutrients from dairy wastewater, is a promising approach to mitigate the problem of water scarcity. A bibliometric study revealing limited work on dairy wastewater treatment using microalgae for biofuel production. And, limited work is reported on the pretreatment of dairy wastewater via physicochemical methods before microalgal-based treatment. There are still significant gaps remains in large-scale cultivation processes. It is also crucial to discover robust strains that are highly compatible with the specific concentration of contaminants, as this will lead to increased yields and productivity for the targeted bio-product. Finally, research on reutilization of culture media in photobioreactor is necessary to augument the productivity of the entire process. Therefore, the incorporation of the microalgal biorefinery with the wastewater treatment concept has great potential for promoting ecological sustainability.
乳制品行业正成为全球食品行业中最大的部门之一，这些行业几乎消耗了34%的水资源。用水量由生产过程和工厂采用的技术决定。因此，乳制品行业每加工一升牛奶会产生近0.2至10升废水，这些废水在排放到水体之前必须进行处理。利用乳制品废水在混合营养模式下培养微藻可提高生物量增长、生产力以及增值产品的积累。产生的生物质可转化为生物燃料，从而减少对石油基原油的依赖。为了实现藻类生物精炼模型，在级联回路中利用每一股废物流很重要。此外，藻类生物质生产产生的收获水可循环利用以促进微藻进一步生长。经济且可持续的废水管理，以及从乳制品废水中适当回收营养物质，是缓解水资源短缺问题的一种有前景的方法。一项文献计量研究表明，利用微藻处理乳制品废水用于生物燃料生产的相关工作有限。而且，关于在基于微藻的处理之前通过物理化学方法对乳制品废水进行预处理的报道也有限。大规模培养过程中仍存在重大差距。发现与特定浓度污染物高度兼容的健壮菌株也很关键，因为这将提高目标生物产品的产量和生产力。最后，有必要对光生物反应器中培养基的再利用进行研究，以提高整个过程的生产力。因此，将微藻生物精炼与废水处理概念相结合在促进生态可持续性方面具有巨大潜力。
