Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Department of Life Sciences - Salvador (BA), Brazil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Institute of Public Health - Salvador (BA), Brazil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2024 Aug 19;27Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e240012.supl.1. doi: 10.1590/1980-549720240012.supl.1. eCollection 2024.
To identify groups of transgender women and travestis (TGW) with specific patterns of gender-based discrimination (GBD) and analyze the factors associated with GBD.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with TGW recruited through respondent-driven sampling in five Brazilian cities (2019-2021). Latent class analysis was used to characterize GBD (low, medium, and high) using 14 observable variables. Descriptive analysis was performed, and associations between predictor variables and GBD were estimated by adjusted odds ratios (aOR) using ordinal logistic regression.
Out of a total of 1,317 TGW, 906 (68.8%) answered questions about GBD. Most were under 34 years old, single, and had a Brown race/skin color. GBD was classified as "low," "medium," and "high," with estimates of 41.7, 44.5, and 13.8%, respectively. Variables positively associated with higher intensity of GBD included living in Manaus compared to São Paulo, being ≤34 years old compared to >34, being homeless compared to living in one's own house or rented apartment, not having legally changed one's name compared to those who had, and reporting physical or sexual violence compared to those who did not report. Variables negatively associated with higher intensity of GBD included having a Brown or Asian race/skin color compared to White and a monthly income ≥1 minimum wage compared to ³1.
A high proportion of GBD was observed in Brazilian TGW, with this outcome associated with more vulnerable sociodemographic characteristics and a history of violence.
确定具有特定性别歧视（GBD）模式的跨性别女性和变装者（TGW）群体，并分析与 GBD 相关的因素。
这是一项横断面研究，通过在巴西五个城市（2019-2021 年）进行的应答驱动抽样招募 TGW。使用 14 个可观察变量，采用潜在类别分析对 GBD（低、中、高）进行特征描述。进行描述性分析，并使用有序逻辑回归估计预测变量与 GBD 之间的关联，使用调整后的优势比（aOR）。
在总共 1317 名 TGW 中，有 906 名（68.8%）回答了有关 GBD 的问题。大多数人年龄在 34 岁以下，单身，棕色人种/肤色。GBD 分为“低”、“中”和“高”，估计分别为 41.7%、44.5%和 13.8%。与 GBD 强度较高相关的变量包括与圣保罗相比居住在马瑙斯，与 ³34 岁相比≤34 岁，与居住在自己的房子或出租公寓相比无家可归，与未合法更改姓名的人相比已更改姓名，以及报告身体或性暴力与未报告的人相比。与 GBD 强度较高相关的变量包括与白人相比棕色或亚洲人种/肤色，与每月收入≥1 最低工资相比 ³1。
巴西 TGW 中观察到较高比例的 GBD，这种结果与更脆弱的社会人口特征和暴力史有关。
