Khulape Sagar Ashok, Choudhary Shyam Sundar, Jyotsana Basanti, Prakash Ved, Rakshit Shantanu, Sahoo Artabandhu
ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, 334 001, Rajasthan, India.
Vet Res Commun. 2024 Dec;48(6):4043-4049. doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10503-z. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is an infectious pathogen; causing highly contagious, acute febrile, and economically important disease of small ruminants. The virus is known to have intrinsic ability to adapt new hosts and to cross the species barrier. The incidence of PPR has already been reported in unusual host species such as camels, bovines, and wild animals from spill-over or natural infection. Still, there are elementary gaps in our knowledge of the extent of susceptibility of camel to PPRV and the adaptability of PPRV to camel. The present study delineates the potential role of preferential codon usage patterns responsible for adaptation, host immune evasion, and transmission of PPRV to unusual hosts like old world camel species namely, dromedary and bactrian camel. The results indicate codon usage of the PPRV genome is functioned by an interplay of mutational pressure and natural selection to exhort the adaptation and fitness of PPRV in probable hosts. The indices of natural selection like the relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI) and codon adaptation index (CAI) predict the ability of PPRV to adapt and evolve in camel species. The analysis also depicts the potential role of the CpG depletion mechanism employed by PPRV to evade host adaptive immune response. The report emphasizes the need for a comprehensive national PPR surveillance plan in unusual hosts like camels for the successful implementation of the PPR Global Eradication Programme (PPR- GEP).
小反刍兽疫病毒（PPRV）是一种传染性病原体，可引发小反刍动物高度 contagious、急性发热且具有经济重要性的疾病。已知该病毒具有适应新宿主并跨越物种屏障的内在能力。PPR在骆驼、牛等不寻常宿主物种以及因溢出或自然感染的野生动物中的发病率已有报道。然而，我们对骆驼对PPRV的易感性程度以及PPRV对骆驼的适应性的了解仍存在基本差距。本研究阐述了偏好密码子使用模式在PPRV适应、宿主免疫逃避以及向单峰驼和双峰驼等旧世界骆驼物种等不寻常宿主传播方面所起的潜在作用。结果表明，PPRV基因组的密码子使用受突变压力和自然选择的相互作用影响，以促进PPRV在可能宿主中的适应和适应性。相对密码子去优化指数（RCDI）和密码子适应指数（CAI）等自然选择指数预测了PPRV在骆驼物种中适应和进化的能力。分析还描述了PPRV用于逃避宿主适应性免疫反应的CpG缺失机制的潜在作用。该报告强调，为成功实施PPR全球根除计划（PPR-GEP），需要针对骆驼等不寻常宿主制定全面的国家PPR监测计划。
