Kumar Naveen, Maherchandani Sunil, Kashyap Sudhir Kumar, Singh Shoor Vir, Sharma Shalini, Chaubey Kundan Kumar, Ly Hinh
Virology Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, P.O. Farah, Mathura, UP 281122, India.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, Rajasthan 334001, India.
Viruses. 2014 Jun 6;6(6):2287-327. doi: 10.3390/v6062287.
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is caused by a Morbillivirus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae. PPR is an acute, highly contagious and fatal disease primarily affecting goats and sheep, whereas cattle undergo sub-clinical infection. With morbidity and mortality rates that can be as high as 90%, PPR is classified as an OIE (Office International des Epizooties)-listed disease. Considering the importance of sheep and goats in the livelihood of the poor and marginal farmers in Africa and South Asia, PPR is an important concern for food security and poverty alleviation. PPR virus (PPRV) and rinderpest virus (RPV) are closely related Morbilliviruses. Rinderpest has been globally eradicated by mass vaccination. Though a live attenuated vaccine is available against PPR for immunoprophylaxis, due to its instability in subtropical climate (thermo-sensitivity), unavailability of required doses and insufficient coverage (herd immunity), the disease control program has not been a great success. Further, emerging evidence of poor cross neutralization between vaccine strain and PPRV strains currently circulating in the field has raised concerns about the protective efficacy of the existing PPR vaccines. This review summarizes the recent advancement in PPRV replication, its pathogenesis, immune response to vaccine and disease control. Attempts have also been made to highlight the current trends in understanding the host susceptibility and resistance to PPR.
小反刍兽疫（PPR）由一种属于副粘病毒科的麻疹病毒引起。PPR是一种急性、高度传染性和致命性疾病，主要影响山羊和绵羊，而牛会发生亚临床感染。由于发病率和死亡率可能高达90%，PPR被列为世界动物卫生组织（OIE）列出的疾病。鉴于绵羊和山羊在非洲和南亚贫困及边缘农民生计中的重要性，PPR是粮食安全和减贫方面的一个重要问题。PPR病毒（PPRV）和牛瘟病毒（RPV）是密切相关的麻疹病毒。牛瘟已通过大规模疫苗接种在全球范围内根除。尽管有一种用于免疫预防的PPR减毒活疫苗，但由于其在亚热带气候下不稳定（热敏感性）、所需剂量无法获得以及覆盖率不足（群体免疫），疾病控制计划并未取得巨大成功。此外，疫苗株与目前在野外流行的PPRV毒株之间交叉中和能力差的新证据引发了人们对现有PPR疫苗保护效力的担忧。本综述总结了PPRV复制、发病机制、对疫苗的免疫反应以及疾病控制方面的最新进展。还试图突出当前在理解宿主对PPR易感性和抗性方面的趋势。
