Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Aug 21;46(10):379. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02172-3.
In recent years, the prevalence and danger of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) have drawn attention from all around the world. This study examined twenty-five OPFRs observed in water and sediment samples from the Qiantang River in eastern China, as well as their occurrence, spatial distribution, possible origins, and ecological hazards. All the 25 OPFRs were detected in water and sediment samples. The levels of ΣOPFRs in water and sediment were 35.5-192 ng/L and 8.84-48.5 ng/g dw, respectively. Chlorinated OPFRs were the main contributions in water, whereas alkyl-OPFRs were the most common congeners found in sediment. Spatial analysis revealed that sample locations in neighboring cities had somewhat higher water concentrations of OPFRs. Slowing down the river current and making the reservoir the main sink of OPFRs, the dam can prevent OPFRs from moving via the Qiantang River. Positive matrix factorization indicated that plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride, polyester resins, and polyurethane foam made the greatest contributions in water, whereas polyurethane foam and textile were the predominant source in sediment. Analysis of sediment-water exchange of OPFRs showed that twelve OPFRs in sediments can re-enter into the water body. The risk quotients showed the ecological risk was low to medium, but trixylyl phosphate exposures posed high ecological risk to aquatic organisms.
近年来，有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs）的普遍性和危害性引起了全世界的关注。本研究检测了中国东部钱塘江水中和沉积物中 25 种 OPFRs 的存在情况、空间分布、可能的来源以及生态危害。所有 25 种 OPFRs 在水样和沉积物样本中均被检测到。水中和沉积物中 ΣOPFRs 的浓度分别为 35.5-192 ng/L 和 8.84-48.5 ng/g dw。在水中，氯代 OPFRs 是主要的贡献者，而烷基-OPFRs 是沉积物中最常见的同系物。空间分析表明，临近城市的采样点水中 OPFRs 的浓度略高。大坝减缓了河流的流速，使水库成为 OPFRs 的主要汇，从而阻止 OPFRs 通过钱塘江迁移。正矩阵因子分析表明，聚氯乙烯中的增塑剂、聚酯树脂和聚氨酯泡沫在水中的贡献最大，而聚氨酯泡沫和纺织品是沉积物中的主要来源。OPFRs 的沉积物-水交换分析表明，沉积物中有 12 种 OPFRs 可以重新进入水体。风险商数表明，生态风险处于低到中等水平，但磷酸三甲苯酯对水生生物的生态风险较高。
