Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Baodi Hospital/Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, China.
Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Baodi Hospital/Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 301800, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;278(Pt 3):134882. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134882. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
The skeletal system maintains a delicate balance known as bone homeostasis, which is essential for the lifelong preservation of bone mass, shape, and integrity. This equilibrium relies on a complex interplay between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a chimeric galectin with a unique N-terminal tail and a conserved carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) at its C-terminus, has emerged as a critical regulator in bone homeostasis. The CRD of Gal-3 mediates carbohydrate binding, while its N-terminal tail is implicated in oligomerization and phase separation, which are vital for its functionality. Gal-3's multivalency is central to its role in a range of cellular activities, including inflammation, immune response, apoptosis, cell adhesion, and migration. Imbalances in bone homeostasis often arise from disruptions in osteoblast differentiation and activity, increased osteoclast differentiation and activity. Gal-3's influence on these processes suggests its significant role in the regulation of bone remodeling. This review will examine the molecular mechanisms through which Gal-3 contributes to bone remodeling and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of bone-related disorders.
骨骼系统维持着一种被称为骨稳态的微妙平衡，这对于终生保持骨量、形状和完整性至关重要。这种平衡依赖于骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）、成骨细胞、骨细胞和破骨细胞之间的复杂相互作用。半乳糖凝集素-3（Gal-3）是一种具有独特 N 端尾巴和保守碳水化合物识别结构域（CRD）的嵌合半乳糖凝集素，它已成为骨稳态的关键调节因子。Gal-3 的 CRD 介导碳水化合物结合，而其 N 端尾巴则参与寡聚化和相分离，这对于其功能至关重要。Gal-3 的多价性是其在一系列细胞活动中发挥作用的核心，包括炎症、免疫反应、细胞凋亡、细胞黏附和迁移。骨稳态的失衡通常源于成骨细胞分化和活性的破坏、破骨细胞分化和活性的增加。Gal-3 对这些过程的影响表明它在骨重塑的调节中起着重要作用。本综述将探讨 Gal-3 促进骨重塑的分子机制，并讨论其作为治疗与骨相关疾病的治疗靶点的潜力。
