State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Oct;153:109846. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109846. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE5, heat-inactivated (HSE5) or active (ASE5), were supplemented to high soybean meal (HSM) (36 %) diet at whole term (0-56 days) and middle term (29-56 days) to investigate the preventing and repairing effects of B. pumilus SE5 in ameliorating the adverse effects of HSM in Epinephelus coioides. The results suggested that the HSM significantly decreased the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) at day 56 (P < 0.05), while HSE5 and ASE5 promoted the growth performance. The HSE5 and ASE5 showed preventive and reparative functions on the antioxidant capacity and serum immunity, with significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and increased acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement 3 (C3). The HSM impaired the intestinal health (destroyed the intestinal structure, significantly increased the contents of serum D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase, and reduced the expressions of claudin-3 and occludin), while HSE5 and ASE5 improved them at whole term and middle term. The HSM impaired the intestinal microbiota and reduced its diversity, and the HSE5 or ASE5 improved the intestinal microbiota (especially at whole term). HSE5 and ASE5 improved the intestinal mRNA expressions of anti-inflammatory genes (il-10 and tgf-β1) and reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes (il-1β, il-8, il-12), and promoted the expressions of humoral immune factor-related genes (cd4, igm, mhcII-α) and antimicrobial peptide genes (β-defensin, epinecidin-1 and hepcidin-1), and decreased the expressions of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway-related genes (ikk-α, nf-κb, erk-1), and improved the expressions of MAPK signaling pathway-related gene p38-α (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the heat-inactivated and active B. pumilus SE5 effectively prevented and repaired the suppressive effects of soybean meal in E. coioides, which underscored the potential of B. pumilus SE5 as a nutritional intervention agent in HSM diet in aquaculture.
枯草芽孢杆菌 SE5 经热处理（HSE5）或活性（ASE5）后，在整个试验期（0-56 天）和中期（29-56 天）添加到高豆粕（HSM）（36%）饮食中，以研究枯草芽孢杆菌 SE5 对改善卵形鲳鲹中 HSM 的不利影响的预防和修复作用。结果表明，HSM 在第 56 天显著降低了增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR），并增加了饲料转化率（FCR）（P<0.05），而 HSE5 和 ASE5 则促进了生长性能。HSE5 和 ASE5 对抗氧化能力和血清免疫具有预防和修复功能，总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性显著增加，丙二醛（MDA）水平降低，酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、免疫球蛋白 M（IgM）和补体 3（C3）增加。HSM 损害了肠道健康（破坏了肠道结构，显著增加了血清 D-乳酸和二胺氧化酶的含量，降低了 Claudin-3 和 Occludin 的表达），而 HSE5 和 ASE5 在整个试验期和中期都有所改善。HSM 损害了肠道微生物群并降低了其多样性，而 HSE5 或 ASE5 改善了肠道微生物群（尤其是在整个试验期）。HSE5 和 ASE5 改善了抗炎基因（il-10 和 tgf-β1）的肠道 mRNA 表达，并降低了促炎基因（il-1β、il-8、il-12）的表达，促进了体液免疫因子相关基因（cd4、igm、mhcII-α）和抗菌肽基因（β-防御素、epinecidin-1 和 hepcidin-1）的表达，并降低了 NF-κB/MAPK 信号通路相关基因（ikk-α、nf-κb、erk-1）的表达，改善了 MAPK 信号通路相关基因 p38-α的表达（P<0.05）。总之，热处理和活性枯草芽孢杆菌 SE5 有效地预防和修复了卵形鲳鲹中豆粕的抑制作用，这突显了枯草芽孢杆菌 SE5 作为水产养殖中 HSM 饮食营养干预剂的潜力。
