School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, 11 Victoria St, Preston, PR1 7DS, UK.
Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, 1345 Centre Drive, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Nov 1;224:78-87. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.020. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
Exercise physiology and circadian biology are distinct and long-standing fields. Recently they have seen increased integration, largely due to the discovery of the molecular components of the circadian clock and recognition of human exercise performance differences over time-of-day. Circadian clocks, ubiquitous in cells, regulate a daily tissue specific program of gene expression that contribute to temporal patterns of physiological functions over a 24-h cycle. Understanding how circadian clock function in skeletal muscle, as well as other tissues contribute to exercise performance is still in the very early stages. This review provides background on this emerging field with a review of early exercise and time-of-day studies in both human and animals. We then move into the role of the circadian clock and its daily program of gene expression in skeletal muscle with a focus on specific metabolic and physiological outputs that vary over time-of-day. Lastly, we discuss the recognition that the timing of exercise communicates with the skeletal muscle circadian clock to adjust its phase settings and why this maybe important for performance and health.
运动生理学和昼夜节律生物学是两个截然不同且历史悠久的领域。最近，由于发现了昼夜节律钟的分子组成部分，以及认识到人类的运动表现随时间的变化而存在差异，这两个领域的融合程度大大提高。昼夜节律钟在细胞中无处不在，调节着每天特定的组织基因表达程序，有助于在 24 小时周期内形成生理功能的时间模式。了解昼夜节律钟在骨骼肌中的功能以及其他组织如何影响运动表现仍处于早期阶段。本文综述了这一新兴领域的背景，回顾了人类和动物早期的运动和时间研究。然后，我们探讨了昼夜节律钟及其在骨骼肌中的每日基因表达程序的作用，重点关注随时间变化的特定代谢和生理输出。最后，我们讨论了这样一种认识，即运动的时间与骨骼肌的昼夜节律钟相互作用，以调整其相位设置，以及为什么这对性能和健康很重要。
