Wei Jingyi, Zhao Qiuyan, Huang Wei, Liu Xing, Zhang Xuemei
（ 610041） State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Sterile Supply, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Jul 20;55(4):947-957. doi: 10.12182/20240760602.
To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of oral frailty in elderly residents of elderly care facilities and to provide a basis for the development of effective intervention programs for oral frailty in this population.
A combination of subjective and objective measurements of oral frailty, a general information questionnaire, a leisure activity questionnaire, the Dietary Variety Score (DVS), the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ), the Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF), Barthel Index (BI), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 15-Item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2) were used to survey 348 elderly residents in three elderly care facilities in Chengdu and to analyze the factors related to oral frailty.
The prevalence of oral frailty in elderly residents of elderly care facilities was 31.0% (108/348). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that advanced age (odds ratio [OR]=1.347, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.237-1.496, <0.001), cognitive impairment (OR=6.769, 95% CI: 2.628-18.916, <0.001), and depression (OR=8.632, 95% CI: 1.931-44.387, =0.007) were risk factors for oral frailty in elderly residents of elderly care facilities. High scores in leisure activities (OR=0.883, 95% CI: 0.786-0.986, =0.030), and dietary diversity (OR=0.199, 95% CI: 0.069-0.530, =0.002) were protective factors against oral frailty.
The prevalence of oral frailty is relatively high among elderly residents of elderly care facilities. Risk factors for oral frailty include advanced age, cognitive impairment, and depression, while increased levels of leisure activities and dietary diversity can help prevent the occurrence of oral frailty in elderly individuals.
调查养老机构老年居民口腔脆弱的发生情况及其影响因素，为制定针对该人群口腔脆弱的有效干预方案提供依据。
采用主观与客观相结合的口腔脆弱测量方法、一般信息问卷、休闲活动问卷、饮食多样性评分（DVS）、简易营养评估问卷（SNAQ）、微型营养评定法简表（MNA-SF）、巴氏指数（BI）、简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）、15项老年抑郁量表（GDS-15）和广泛性焦虑障碍量表-2（GAD-2），对成都三家养老机构的348名老年居民进行调查，并分析与口腔脆弱相关的因素。
养老机构老年居民口腔脆弱的患病率为31.0%（108/348）。多因素逻辑回归分析显示，高龄（比值比[OR]=1.347，95%置信区间[CI]：1.237-1.496，<0.001）、认知障碍（OR=6.769，95%CI：2.628-18.916，<0.001）和抑郁（OR=8.632，95%CI：1.931-44.387，=0.007）是养老机构老年居民口腔脆弱的危险因素。休闲活动得分高（OR=0.883，95%CI：0.786-0.986，=0.030）和饮食多样性（OR=0.199，95%CI：0.069-0.530，=0.002）是预防口腔脆弱的保护因素。
养老机构老年居民口腔脆弱的患病率相对较高。口腔脆弱的危险因素包括高龄、认知障碍和抑郁，而休闲活动水平的提高和饮食多样性有助于预防老年人发生口腔脆弱。
