Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Department of Ophthalmology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024 Jun 21;36(1):134. doi: 10.1007/s40520-024-02790-y.
In recent years cognitive frailty has emerged as an important predictor of adverse health outcomes in older adults. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty in a population of community-dwelling older adults in Iran.
This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the second cycle of the Amirkola Health and Aging Project (AHAP). Physical frailty and cognitive impairment were evaluated using the FRAIL questionnaire and the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) respectively. Cognitive frailty was defined as co-existence of frailty and cognitive impairment without presence of dementia. Depression and disability were assessed using the Persian version of geriatric depression scale (GDS) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) questionnaire.
Overall 1775 individuals (47.1% female) with mean age of 69.7 ± 7.3 years were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 12.0%. The prevalence of cognitive frailty among males and females was 4.3% and 20.7%, respectively. After adjusting for all possible confounders through binary logistic regression analysis, factors such as older age (OR 1.06, CI 1.03-1.09), female gender (OR 2.25, CI 1.42-3.57), illiteracy (OR 3.84, CI 2.03-8.29), more comorbidities (OR 1.21, CI 1.12-1.31), depression (OR 2.01, CI 1.40-2.86), and greater IADL disability (OR 1.68, CI 1.44-3.96), were independently and significantly associated with cognitive frailty.
In this population of Iranian older adults, prevalence of cognitive frailty was consistent with its estimated mean global prevalence. Age, gender, illiteracy, comorbidities, depression and IADL disability were associated with cognitive frailty. Further research is required to develop screening tools and prevention strategies.
近年来，认知衰弱已成为老年人不良健康结局的重要预测因素。在此，我们旨在调查伊朗社区居住的老年人中认知衰弱的患病率及其相关因素。
本横断面研究是 Amirkola 健康与衰老项目（AHAP）第二周期的一部分。使用 FRAIL 问卷和简易精神状态检查（MMSE）分别评估身体衰弱和认知障碍。认知衰弱定义为衰弱和认知障碍同时存在而无痴呆。使用老年抑郁量表（GDS）的波斯语版本和日常生活活动（IADL）问卷评估抑郁和残疾。
共纳入 1775 名（47.1%为女性）平均年龄 69.7±7.3 岁的个体进行最终分析。认知衰弱的患病率为 12.0%。男性和女性的认知衰弱患病率分别为 4.3%和 20.7%。通过二元逻辑回归分析调整所有可能的混杂因素后，年龄较大（OR 1.06，95%CI 1.03-1.09）、女性（OR 2.25，95%CI 1.42-3.57）、文盲（OR 3.84，95%CI 2.03-8.29）、合并症较多（OR 1.21，95%CI 1.12-1.31）、抑郁（OR 2.01，95%CI 1.40-2.86）和 IADL 残疾程度较高（OR 1.68，95%CI 1.44-3.96）与认知衰弱独立且显著相关。
在伊朗老年人中，认知衰弱的患病率与全球估计的平均患病率一致。年龄、性别、文盲、合并症、抑郁和 IADL 残疾与认知衰弱相关。需要进一步研究以开发筛查工具和预防策略。
