R Madesh, M D Barath Kumar, N Bala Murali, S Nandhakumar, N Arivazhagan, M Manikandan, K Gokul Kumar
School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, 600089, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 31;10(15):e35279. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35279. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
In recent years, additive manufacturing has increased in prominence as a primary method of manufacturing around the globe. Modern metal additive manufacturing presents an innovative approach to manufacturing complex structures for the aerospace, energy, and construction sectors, due to technological advancements. In the present study, the austenitic stainless steel 309L (SS-309L) thick wall component was manufactured employing pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PC-GTAW) WAAM technology. The metallurgical characteristics of the as-deposited SS-309L thick wall part were evaluated. The investigation of material characteristics in the manufactured areas encompasses a study of cross-sectional (CS) and transverse-sectional (TS) regional portions, specifically the upper, middle, and lower regions. The microstructures of the CS and TS planes showed austenite, columnar, and delta ferrite dendrites in the upper, middle, and lower regions, respectively. The CS sample reveals the greatest grain size at 159.4 μm, following the EBSD investigation. The average size of the grains across the TS is 127.09 μm. The thermal cycles in multi-layer production result in changes in grain size. The microhardness in the transverse sectional regions is higher than in the CS regions, measuring average values of 257 HV, 253 HV, and 251 HV for the upper, middle, and lower sections, respectively. The ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) in the cross-sectional parts are 656 MPa, whereas in the transverse regions it was 661 MPa for the topmost regions. This study investigates the correlation among the mechanical and metallurgical properties of wire arc additively fabricated SS-309L austenite steel material.
近年来，增材制造作为全球主要的制造方法，其重要性日益凸显。由于技术进步，现代金属增材制造为航空航天、能源和建筑领域制造复杂结构提供了一种创新方法。在本研究中，采用脉冲电流钨极气体保护焊（PC-GTAW）的电弧增材制造（WAAM）技术制造了奥氏体不锈钢309L（SS-309L）厚壁部件。对沉积态SS-309L厚壁部件的冶金特性进行了评估。对制造区域材料特性的研究包括对横截面（CS）和横向截面（TS）区域部分的研究，特别是上部、中部和下部区域。CS和TS平面的微观结构分别在上部、中部和下部区域显示出奥氏体、柱状和δ铁素体枝晶。EBSD研究后发现，CS样品的晶粒尺寸最大，为159.4μm。TS区域的平均晶粒尺寸为127.09μm。多层生产中的热循环导致晶粒尺寸发生变化。横向截面区域的显微硬度高于CS区域，上部、中部和下部分别测量的平均值为257 HV、253 HV和251 HV。横截面部分的极限抗拉强度（UTS）为656 MPa，而横向区域最上部区域的极限抗拉强度为661 MPa。本研究调查了电弧增材制造的SS-309L奥氏体钢材料的力学性能与冶金性能之间的相关性。
