Harnessing rhizobacteria: Isolation, identification, and antifungal potential against soil pathogens.

Rhizobacteria play a crucial role in plant health by providing natural antagonism against soil-borne fungi. The use of rhizobacteria has been viewed as an alternative to the use of chemicals that could be useful for the integrated management of plant diseases and also increase yield in an environmentally friendly manner. However, there is limited understanding of the specific mechanisms by which rhizobacteria inhibit these pathogens and the diversity of rhizobacterial species involved. This study aims to isolate, identify, and characterize rhizobacteria with antagonistic activities against soil-borne fungi. Laboratory tests were carried out on isolated rhizobacteria to evaluate their inhibitory activity against , and . The selected bacteria were identified using the Vitek 2 compact system and 16S rRNA genes. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the plant growth promotion and biocontrol ability of these selected isolates. Out of 324 rhizobacteria isolates obtained from various plant species, twelve were chosen due to their strong (>50 %) wide-ranging antifungal activity against three significant phytopathogenic fungi species. According to the identification results, they belong to the following species: ECC4, BRE6, ECL1, SDV1, DMC8, SKE2, TNK1, NAS1, BZD3, DKS3, TRS4, and BZD2. Eleven isolates produced protease, six isolates produced chitinase, and seven isolates were highly effective in producing hydrogen cyanide. Ten isolates could fix nitrogen, while all isolates could produce potassium, indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, and ammonia. These findings enhance our understanding of rhizobacterial biodiversity and their potential as biocontrol agents in sustainable agriculture.