antibacterial, antibiofilm activities, and phytochemical properties of (L.) Delile: An endemic Mediterranean seagrass.

In the antibiotic resistance era, utilizing understudied sources for novel antimicrobials or antivirulence agents can provide new advances against antimicrobial resistant pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of (L.) Delile against ATCC 29212, ATCC 25923, ATCC 25922 and ATCC 700603 and several clinical isolates obtained from medical devices, including patient urinary catheters and breast implant infections, with varying antibiotic recalcitrance profiles. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts from rhizome exhibited significant antibacterial activity against and , as well as drug resistant clinical isolates. Furthermore, significant antibiofilm activity was observed against and treated with ER, MR, and MR. extracts also exhibited synergistic antimicrobial activity with ciprofloxacin against sensitizing to a lower ciprofloxacin concentration. Collectively, our data demonstrate the selective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the extracts of against Gram-positive bacteria and clinical isolates along with potentiation of current antibiotics, which suggests that can be further investigated as a potential source for novel therapeutic options in the treatment of drug resistant bacterial infections.