Clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of SGLT2 inhibitors induced acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have recently been linked to be associated with acute pancreatitis (AP), but the clinical characteristics are unclear. This study investigated the clinical characteristics of SGLT-2i and AP and provided reference for the prevention and treatment of AP.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Case reports, case series, and clinical studies of SGLT2i induced AP were collected by retrieving Chinese and English data from the database until 31 December 2023.

RESULTS

Twenty-one patients were included, with a median age of 50.5 years (range 26,73). SGLT-2i were mainly involved in empagliflozin (13 cases, 61.9%), canagliflozin (4 cases, 19%) and dapagliflozin (4 cases, 19%). The median time from initial administration to the onset of AP was 21 days (range 1, 120). Abdominal pain (21 cases, 100%) was the most commonly complained symptom. The median lipase value was 388 U/L (range 36, 10000), and the median amylase value was 535 U/L (range 26, 3765). Twenty-one patients recovered completely after stopping the drug and receiving conservative treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

SGLT-2i are associated with AP. Given the rising prescription of SGLT-2i, physicians should consider these agents as a potential cause of pancreatitis after excluding other etiologies.