Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2024 Aug 1;65(10):32. doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.32.
Age of menopause has been associated with the risk of developing glaucoma; however, it is unclear if the onset of menopause is directly associated with the development of glaucoma. Our objective was to determine if there is an association between the age at diagnosis of menopause and glaucoma.
This retrospective, case-only analysis was performed using the Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse of female veterans from 2000 to 2019. Women with both menopause and glaucoma diagnoses were matched based on covariates. The two matched cohorts were early menopause-early comparative (EM-EC; n = 1075) and late menopause-late comparative (LM-LC; n = 1050) women. We used a Pearson correlation to examine the linear relationship between age at diagnosis of menopause and glaucoma. Afterward, we used a multivariate linear regression model with age at diagnosis of glaucoma serving as the outcome variable to account for the covariates.
We found that EM women developed glaucoma 6.0 years (interquartile range [IQR], 5.1-6.5) earlier than the EC group (P < 0.001), and LM women developed glaucoma an average of 5.2 years (IQR, 4.8-5.7) later than the LC group (P < 0.001). There was a modest linear relationship between the age of menopause and glaucoma diagnoses in the EM-EC (r = 0.40) and LM-LC (r = 0.46) cohorts. In our multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis of menopause was the largest factor related to age at diagnosis of glaucoma while accounting for our covariates. Our models predicted a 0.67-year delay in age at diagnosis of glaucoma with each additional premenopausal year.
This case-only analysis elucidates a temporal association between menopause and glaucoma, highlighting the need to characterize the role of menopause in the onset of glaucoma for women.
绝经年龄与青光眼风险相关；然而，绝经的开始是否与青光眼的发展直接相关尚不清楚。我们的目的是确定绝经年龄与青光眼之间是否存在关联。
本回顾性病例对照分析使用了 2000 年至 2019 年退伍军人事务部（VA）企业数据仓库中女性退伍军人的数据。根据协变量对同时患有绝经和青光眼诊断的女性进行匹配。两个匹配队列分别为早期绝经-早期对照（EM-EC；n=1075）和晚期绝经-晚期对照（LM-LC；n=1050）女性。我们使用 Pearson 相关来检查绝经年龄与青光眼之间的线性关系。之后，我们使用多元线性回归模型，以青光眼的诊断年龄为因变量，同时考虑协变量。
我们发现，EM 女性比 EC 组早 6.0 年（四分位距 [IQR]，5.1-6.5）出现青光眼（P<0.001），LM 女性比 LC 组晚 5.2 年（IQR，4.8-5.7）出现青光眼（P<0.001）。在 EM-EC（r=0.40）和 LM-LC（r=0.46）队列中，绝经年龄与青光眼诊断之间存在适度的线性关系。在我们的多元分析中，绝经年龄是与青光眼诊断年龄最相关的因素，同时考虑了我们的协变量。我们的模型预测，每增加一个绝经前的年份，青光眼的诊断年龄会延迟 0.67 年。
这项仅病例分析阐明了绝经与青光眼之间的时间关联，突出了需要确定绝经在女性青光眼发病中的作用。
