University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Healthy Working Lives Group, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
BMJ Open. 2024 Aug 22;14(7):e072943. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072943.
This study investigated sustainability and multimorbidity alongside barriers to employment including health and policy to demonstrate intersectional impact on return-to-work success within a UK welfare-to-work programme.
Cohort study design: The study calculated the proportion of time spent employed after experiencing a job start and the proportion retaining work over 6 months. Employment/unemployment periods were calculated, sequence-index plots were produced and visualisations were explored by benefit type and age.
This study used confidential access to deidentified data from unemployed Work Programme clients operated by Ingeus on behalf of the UK Government in Scotland between 1 April 2013 and 31 July 2014.
13 318 unemployed clients aged 18-64 years were randomly allocated to a Work Programme provider and monitored over 2 years.
This study has two distinct groupings. 'Employment and Support Allowance (ESA)' corresponding to those with work-limiting disability in receipt of related state financial support, and 'Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA)' corresponding to unemployment claimants. Despite fewer and later job starts for ESA clients, those that gained employment spend relatively more subsequent time in employment when compared with individuals without work-limiting conditions (ESA clients under 50, 0.73; ESA clients over 50, 0.79; JSA clients under 50, 0.67 and JSA clients over 50, 0.68). Proportion in permanent jobs was higher among ESA than JSA clients (JSA under 50, 92%; JSA over 50, 92%; ESA under 50, 95% and ESA over 50, 97%).
The research demonstrated that returning to paid employment after a reliance on welfare benefits is challenging for people aged over 50 and those with disability. The study found that although fewer older ESA claimants entered employment, they typically remained in employment more than JSA clients who did not leave the Work Programme early. This indicates the importance of identifying risk factors for job loss in ageing workers and the development of interventions for extension of working lives.
本研究调查了可持续性和多种并存疾病，以及就业障碍（包括健康和政策），以展示在英国福利就业计划中，这些因素对重返工作岗位成功的交叉影响。
队列研究设计：本研究计算了经历工作起始后就业时间的比例，以及 6 个月内保留工作的比例。计算了就业/失业期，生成了序列索引图，并通过福利类型和年龄探索了可视化。
本研究使用了英格索兰公司（Ingeus）代表英国政府在苏格兰运营的、无法识别身份的失业者工作方案客户的机密数据，时间范围为 2013 年 4 月 1 日至 2014 年 7 月 31 日。
13318 名 18-64 岁的失业者被随机分配给工作方案提供商，并在 2 年内进行监测。
本研究有两个明显的分组。“就业和支持津贴（ESA）”对应于那些有工作限制残疾并接受相关国家财政支持的人，而“求职者津贴（JSA）”对应于失业索赔人。尽管 ESA 客户的工作起始较少且较晚，但与没有工作限制条件的个体相比，那些获得工作的人在随后的工作时间中所占比例相对较高（50 岁以下的 ESA 客户，0.73；50 岁以上的 ESA 客户，0.79；50 岁以下的 JSA 客户，0.67 和 50 岁以上的 JSA 客户，0.68）。ESA 客户永久性工作的比例高于 JSA 客户（50 岁以下的 JSA，92%；50 岁以上的 JSA，92%；50 岁以下的 ESA，95%和 50 岁以上的 ESA，97%）。
该研究表明，对于 50 岁以上的人和残疾人士来说，依靠福利金后重返带薪就业是具有挑战性的。研究发现，尽管年龄较大的 ESA 索赔人进入就业的人数较少，但他们通常比没有提前离开工作方案的 JSA 客户更能保持就业。这表明确定老年工人失业的风险因素和开发延长工作寿命的干预措施的重要性。
