Gad M S, Hashish H M Abu, Hussein Ahmed Kadhim, Ben Hamida Mohamed Bechir, Abdulkader Rasheed, Nasef Mahmoud Hassan
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
Mechanical Engineering Department, Engineering and Renewable Energy Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 22;14(1):19528. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69957-5.
The use of nano additives to improve the cold properties of biodiesel is encouraged by its drawbacks and incompatibility in cold climate. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was transesterified to create biodiesel. A 20% by volume was used for combination of diesel and methyl ester. Current study aims to evaluate diesel engine emissions and performance. TiO, alumina, and hybrid TiO + AlO nanoparticles are added to WCO biodiesel mixture at 25 mg/liter. When B20 combined with nano materials such as TiO, AlO, and hybrid nano, the highest declines in brake specific fuel consumption were 4, 6, and 11%, respectively. As compared to biodiesel blend, the largest gains in thermal efficiency were 4.5, 6.5, and 12.5%, respectively, at maximum engine output power. Introduction of TiO, AlO, and hybrid nano particles to B20 at 100% load resulted in the highest decreases in HC concentrations up to 7, 13, and 20%, and the biggest reductions in CO emissions, up to 6, 12, and 16%. Largest increases in NOx concentrations at full load were about 7, 15, and 23% for B20 + 25TiO, B20 + 25 AlO, and B20 + 25TiO + 25 AlO, respectively. Up to 8, 15, and 21% less smoke was released, correspondingly, which were the largest reductions. Recommended dosage of 25 ppm alumina and 25 ppm TiO achieved noticeable improvements in diesel engine performance, combustion and emissions about B20.
生物柴油在寒冷气候下存在缺点和不相容性，这促使人们使用纳米添加剂来改善其低温性能。将废食用油（WCO）进行酯交换反应以制备生物柴油。柴油和甲酯按体积比20%混合使用。当前的研究旨在评估柴油发动机的排放和性能。将二氧化钛、氧化铝以及二氧化钛+氧化铝混合纳米颗粒以25毫克/升的量添加到WCO生物柴油混合物中。当B20与二氧化钛、氧化铝和混合纳米材料等纳米材料结合时，制动比油耗的最大降幅分别为4%、6%和11%。与生物柴油混合物相比，在发动机最大输出功率时，热效率的最大提升分别为4.5%、6.5%和12.5%。在100%负荷下，向B20中引入二氧化钛、氧化铝和混合纳米颗粒，导致碳氢化合物浓度最大降幅分别高达7%、13%和20%，一氧化碳排放量最大降幅分别高达6%、12%和16%。对于B20 + 25二氧化钛、B20 + 25氧化铝和B20 + 25二氧化钛 + 25氧化铝，在满负荷下氮氧化物浓度的最大增幅分别约为7%、15%和23%。相应地，烟雾排放量分别减少了8%、15%和21%，这是最大的降幅。推荐使用25 ppm的氧化铝和25 ppm的二氧化钛，可使B20在柴油发动机性能、燃烧和排放方面有显著改善。
