Gad M S, Fawaz H E
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
Mechanical Engineering Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 20;14(1):21980. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71675-x.
Ecological and environmental problems resulting from fossil fuels are due to the harmful emissions released into the atmosphere. The rising interest in searching for alternative fuels like biodiesel is growing to solve these problems. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is transformed into methyl ester and combined with biodiesel in percentages of 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Research is done on the impacts of methyl ester blends on engine performance and emissions. Compared to diesel, the methyl ester combination showed 25% lower brake power and 24% loss in thermal efficiency at maximum load and 1500 rpm. However, diesel fuel showed 23% lower specific fuel consumption increase than biodiesel. Compared to diesel, methyl ester exhibits 15% lower air-fuel ratio and 4% volumetric efficiency. Biodiesel lowers CO, HC, and smoke concentrations by 12, 44, and 48%, respectively, compared to diesel. Biodiesel emits 23% higher NOx at 1500 rpm and 100% engine load. To predict the emissions and performance of different percentages of biodiesel at engine speed variation, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is presented. ANN modeling minimizes labor, time, and finances and uses nonlinear data. Predictions were produced about the brake output power, specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, air-fuel ratio, volumetric efficiency, and emissions of smoke, CO, HC, and NOx as a function of engine speed and blend ratio. All correlation coefficients (r) over 0.99 and values were beyond 0.98 for all variables. There were low values of MSE, MAPE, and MSLE with significant predictive ability. WCO's biodiesel is a viable diesel engine replacement fuel.
化石燃料产生的生态和环境问题是由于向大气中排放的有害污染物所致。为解决这些问题，人们对寻找生物柴油等替代燃料的兴趣日益浓厚。废食用油（WCO）被转化为甲酯，并与生物柴油按25%、50%、75%和100%的比例混合。研究了甲酯混合物对发动机性能和排放的影响。与柴油相比，甲酯混合物在最大负荷和1500转/分时的制动功率降低了25%，热效率损失了24%。然而，柴油的比油耗增长比生物柴油低23%。与柴油相比，甲酯的空燃比降低了15%，容积效率降低了4%。与柴油相比，生物柴油的一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和烟雾浓度分别降低了12%、44%和48%。在1500转/分和100%发动机负荷下，生物柴油的氮氧化物排放量高出23%。为预测发动机转速变化时不同比例生物柴油的排放和性能，提出了一种人工神经网络（ANN）模型。ANN建模可减少人力、时间和资金，并使用非线性数据。针对制动输出功率、比油耗、热效率、空燃比、容积效率以及烟雾、一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物的排放，根据发动机转速和混合比进行了预测。所有变量的相关系数（r）均超过0.99，决定系数均超过0.98。均方误差、平均绝对百分比误差和平均对称对数误差值较低，具有显著的预测能力。WCO生物柴油是一种可行的柴油发动机替代燃料。
