Kameni Serge Leugoué, Dlamini Notsile Hleliwe, Feugang Jean Magloire
Mississippi State University, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
Anim Reprod. 2024 Aug 16;21(3):e20240033. doi: 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2024-0033. eCollection 2024.
Sperm quality is essential to guarantee the success of assisted reproduction. However, selecting high-quality sperm and maintaining it during (cryo)preservation for high efficiency remains challenging in livestock reproduction. A comprehensive understanding of sperm biology allows for better assessment of sperm quality, which could replace conventional sperm analyses used today to predict fertility with low accuracy. Omics approaches have revealed numerous biomarkers associated with various sperm phenotypic traits such as quality, survival during storage, freezability, and fertility. At the same time, nanotechnology is emerging as a new biotechnology with high potential for use in preparing sperm intended to improve reproduction in livestock. The unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles make them exciting tools for targeting (e.g., sperm damage and sexing) and non-targeting bioapplications. Recent advances in sperm biology have led to the discovery of numerous biomarkers, making it possible to target specific subpopulations of spermatozoa within the ejaculate. In this review, we explore potential biomarkers associated with sperm phenotypes and highlight the benefits of combining these biomarkers with nanoparticles to further improve sperm preparation and technology.
精子质量对于确保辅助生殖的成功至关重要。然而，在畜牧繁殖中，选择高质量精子并在（冷冻）保存过程中保持其高效性仍然具有挑战性。全面了解精子生物学有助于更好地评估精子质量，这可能会取代目前用于预测生育力但准确性较低的传统精子分析方法。组学方法已经揭示了许多与各种精子表型特征相关的生物标志物，如质量、储存期间的存活率、冷冻保存能力和生育力。与此同时，纳米技术作为一种新兴的生物技术，在制备旨在改善畜牧繁殖的精子方面具有很高的应用潜力。纳米颗粒独特的物理化学性质使其成为用于靶向（如精子损伤和性别分选）和非靶向生物应用的令人兴奋的工具。精子生物学的最新进展导致发现了许多生物标志物，从而有可能靶向射精中的特定精子亚群。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了与精子表型相关的潜在生物标志物，并强调了将这些生物标志物与纳米颗粒相结合以进一步改善精子制备和技术的益处。
