Program in Microbiology & Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Virol. 2024 Sep 17;98(9):e0080924. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00809-24. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Small hydrophobic (SH) proteins are a class of viral accessory proteins expressed by many members of the negative-stranded RNA viral families . Identified SH proteins are type I or II transmembrane (TM) proteins with a single-pass TM domain. Little is known about the functions of SH proteins; however, several possess viroporin activity, enhancing membrane permeability of infected cells or those expressing SH protein. Moreover, several SH proteins inhibit apoptosis and immune signaling pathways within infected cells, including TNF and interferon signaling, or activate inflammasomes. SH proteins are generally nonessential for viral replication , but loss of SH is often associated with reduced replication , suggesting a role in enhancing viral replication or evading host immunity. Analogous proteins are expressed by a variety of pathogens of public health importance; thus, understanding the functional importance and mechanisms of SH proteins provides insight into the pathogenesis and replication of negative-sense RNA viruses.
小疏水 (SH) 蛋白是一类由许多负链 RNA 病毒科的成员表达的病毒辅助蛋白。已鉴定的 SH 蛋白是具有单个跨膜 (TM) 结构域的 I 型或 II 型跨膜 (TM) 蛋白。关于 SH 蛋白的功能知之甚少；然而，有几种具有病毒孔蛋白活性，可增强感染细胞或表达 SH 蛋白的细胞的膜通透性。此外，几种 SH 蛋白抑制感染细胞内的细胞凋亡和免疫信号通路，包括 TNF 和干扰素信号，或激活炎性小体。SH 蛋白通常对病毒复制不是必需的，但是 SH 的缺失通常与复制减少相关，这表明其在增强病毒复制或逃避宿主免疫方面发挥作用。类似的蛋白由多种具有公共卫生重要性的病原体表达；因此，了解 SH 蛋白的功能重要性和机制为负链 RNA 病毒的发病机制和复制提供了深入的了解。
