Department of Islamic Studies, College of Arts, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 23;19(8):e0308454. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308454. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to investigate the differences in Religiosity (R), Mental Immunity (MI), and Psychological Well-Being (PWB) in patients with diabetes due to gender and age group variables, and to detect the best predictors of PWB in diabetic patients within the Bayesian framework. The study was conducted from May 2022 to February 2023 on a random sample of 186 Saudis diagnosed with diabetes. After obtaining participants' consent, they completed three R, MI, and PWB scales. Bayesian Independent Samples t-test was performed to identify differences, and Bayesian linear regression analysis was used to reveal the best prediction model of PWB. The results of the Bayesian independent samples t-test indicated strong evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis H1, suggesting differences between male and female diabetic patients in R, MI, and PWB, with Bayesian factor values exceeding 10 (8.338×10+23, 1.762×10+25, and 1.866×10+24), and Cohen's δ of (-1.866, -1.934, -1.884). These results indicated that females with diabetes have higher means of R, MI, and PWB compared to males. However, the results also suggested evidence for the null hypothesis H0 of no differences in R, MI, and PWB among diabetic patients due to age group, with Bayesian factor values (0.176, 0.181, and 0.187) less than 1.00 and small Cohen's δ of (-0.034, -0.050, -0.063). Bayesian linear regression analysis detected strong evidence that the model including MI is the best predictive model (BF10 for mental immunity is 1.00 and for the other two models are 0.07 and 4.249×10-16) for the PWB of diabetic patients, however, there is no evidence that the model including R or the interaction between R and MI is the best predictor of PWB for diabetic patients. These findings highlight the need for direct psychological care services for male diabetic patients and the urgent need to enhance IM in diabetic patients to improve their PWB. Furthermore, results recommended that healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia integrate MI interventions into diabetes care programs.
本研究旨在探讨性别和年龄组变量对糖尿病患者宗教信仰（R）、心理免疫力（MI）和心理幸福感（PWB）的影响，并在贝叶斯框架内检测糖尿病患者 PWB 的最佳预测因子。该研究于 2022 年 5 月至 2023 年 2 月期间，对随机抽取的 186 名沙特籍糖尿病患者进行了抽样调查。在获得参与者同意后，他们完成了宗教信仰、心理免疫力和心理幸福感三个量表的测试。采用贝叶斯独立样本 t 检验来识别差异，并用贝叶斯线性回归分析来揭示 PWB 的最佳预测模型。贝叶斯独立样本 t 检验的结果强烈支持备择假设 H1，表明糖尿病男性和女性患者在 R、MI 和 PWB 方面存在差异，贝叶斯因子值超过 10（8.338×10+23、1.762×10+25 和 1.866×10+24），且 Cohen's δ 为（-1.866、-1.934、-1.884）。结果表明，女性糖尿病患者的 R、MI 和 PWB 均值高于男性。然而，结果也表明，贝叶斯因子值（0.176、0.181 和 0.187）小于 1.00，且 Cohen's δ 较小（-0.034、-0.050 和-0.063），表明年龄组对糖尿病患者的 R、MI 和 PWB 没有差异的零假设 H0 也有证据支持。贝叶斯线性回归分析发现，包含 MI 的模型是糖尿病患者 PWB 的最佳预测模型（心理免疫力的 BF10 为 1.00，而另外两个模型为 0.07 和 4.249×10-16），然而，没有证据表明包含 R 或 R 和 MI 相互作用的模型是糖尿病患者 PWB 的最佳预测因子。这些发现强调了需要为男性糖尿病患者提供直接的心理护理服务，并迫切需要增强糖尿病患者的心理免疫力，以提高他们的 PWB。此外，结果建议沙特阿拉伯的医疗保健提供者将 MI 干预措施纳入糖尿病护理计划中。
