Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, United Kingdom.
Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2024 Dec 1;49(12):1666-1677. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2024-0256. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Skeletal muscle echo intensity (EI) is affected by ageing and physical activity; however, the effects of nutrition are less understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether habitual nutrient intake may be associated with ultrasound-derived EI. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were trained on an initial sample ( = 100, M = 45; F = 55; 38 ± 15 years) to predict EI of two quadriceps muscles from 19 variables, using the "" function within the "" package (RStudio), which was then tested in an additional dataset ( = 30, M = 13; F = 17; 38 ± 16 years). EI was determined using B-mode ultrasonography of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) and nutritional intake determined via 3-day weighed food diaries. Mean daily intake of specific nutrients were included as predictor variables with age, sex, and self-reported physical activity. PLSR training model 1 explained ∼52% and model 2 ∼46% of the variance in RF and VL EI, respectively. Model 1 also explained ∼35% and model 2 ∼30% of the variance in RF and VL EI in the additional testing dataset. Age and biological sex were associated with EI in both models ( < 0.025). Dietary protein (RF: β = -7.617, VL: β = -7.480), and selenium (RF: β = -7.144, VL: β = -4.775) were associated with EI in both muscles ( < 0.05), whereas fibre intake (RF: β = -5.215) was associated with RF EI only and omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/ω-3 FAs, RF: β = 3.145) with VL EI only ( < 0.05). Therefore, absolute protein, selenium, fibre, and n-3 FAs may be associated with skeletal muscle EI, although further mechanistic work is required before claiming causal inference.
骨骼肌回声强度（EI）受年龄和身体活动的影响；然而，营养的影响却知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨习惯性营养素摄入是否与超声衍生的 EI 相关。使用 RStudio 中的“”函数，在初始样本（= 100，M = 45；F = 55；38 ± 15 岁）中训练偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）模型，以预测两个股四头肌的 EI，来自 19 个变量，然后在额外的数据集（= 30，M = 13；F = 17；38 ± 16 岁）中进行测试。使用 B 型超声对股直肌（RF）和股外侧肌（VL）进行 EI 测定，并通过 3 天称重食物日记确定营养摄入。将特定营养素的平均日摄入量作为预测变量，包括年龄、性别和自我报告的身体活动。PLSR 训练模型 1 分别解释了 RF 和 VL EI 方差的约 52%和 46%，模型 2 分别解释了 RF 和 VL EI 方差的约 35%和 30%。在额外的测试数据集。年龄和生物性别与两个模型中的 EI 相关（<0.025）。在两种肌肉中，膳食蛋白质（RF：β=-7.617，VL：β=-7.480）和硒（RF：β=-7.144，VL：β=-4.775）与 EI 相关（<0.05），而纤维摄入（RF：β=-5.215）仅与 RF EI 相关，而 ω-3 脂肪酸（n-3/ω-3 FAs，RF：β=3.145）仅与 VL EI 相关（<0.05）。因此，绝对蛋白质、硒、纤维和 n-3 FAs 可能与骨骼肌 EI 相关，但在声称因果关系之前，还需要进行进一步的机制研究。
