Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico,"Rome, Italy.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024 Aug 23;19(11):1218-1226. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2024-0085. Print 2024 Nov 1.
To assess the effect of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on postmatch recovery in basketball.
Using a crossover design, 17 youth male players (age 16.2 [1.2] y, stature 190.5 [9.4] cm, body mass 79.2 [9.6] kg, experience 9.9 [3.9] y) completed 2 simulated matches, followed by WBC (4 min, -75 to - 85 °C) or a placebo intervention (CON). Countermovement-jump height, change-of-direction performance, 10- and 20-m sprint times, heart-rate variability (log-transformed squared root of the mean sum of the squared differences between R-R intervals [Ln-rMSSD]), muscle soreness, and perceived recovery (Perceived Recovery Status Scale [PRS]) were recorded at prematch, postmatch, postrecovery, and 24 hours postmatch. Additionally, Ln-rMSSD was recorded upon awakening on match day and the following morning.
Compared with CON, higher PRS values were reported in WBC at prematch and postrecovery (P ≤ .026), while no significant between-interventions differences were found for any other measure (P > .05). Regarding the effect of time, our findings revealed that 20-m sprint times, Ln-rMSSD, and PRS deteriorated in both interventions from prematch to postmatch (ie, acute changes, P ≤ .045), while muscle soreness worsened in WBC only (P ≤ .003). Conversely, countermovement-jump height, change-of-direction, and 10-m sprint performance were unaffected by match play in the acute phase (P > .05), while none of the investigated measures showed impairments at 24 hours postmatch, compared with prematch (P > .05).
Overall, these findings suggest that WBC was mostly ineffective for improving postexercise recovery in the investigated sample, with benefits observed for perceived recovery being potentially influenced by the participants' status at baseline (ie, higher prematch PRS scores in WBC compared with CON).
评估全身冷冻疗法（WBC）对篮球赛后恢复的影响。
采用交叉设计，17 名青年男性运动员（年龄 16.2[1.2]岁，身高 190.5[9.4]cm，体重 79.2[9.6]kg，经验 9.9[3.9]年）完成了 2 次模拟比赛，随后进行 WBC（4 分钟，-75 至-85°C）或安慰剂干预（CON）。在比赛前、比赛后、恢复后和比赛后 24 小时记录了下蹲跳高度、变向性能、10 米和 20 米冲刺时间、心率变异性（对数转换的均方根差的平方和[Ln-rMSSD]）、肌肉酸痛和恢复感觉（恢复感觉量表[PRS]）。此外，在比赛日和次日早上醒来时还记录了 Ln-rMSSD。
与 CON 相比，WBC 在比赛前和恢复后报告的 PRS 值更高（P≤0.026），而其他任何测量指标在两种干预措施之间均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。关于时间的影响，我们的发现表明，在两种干预措施中，20 米冲刺时间、Ln-rMSSD 和 PRS 从比赛前到比赛后都恶化了（即急性变化，P≤0.045），而 WBC 中仅肌肉酸痛恶化了（P≤0.003）。相反，在急性阶段，下蹲跳高度、变向和 10 米冲刺表现不受比赛的影响（P＞0.05），与比赛前相比，所有调查的措施在比赛后 24 小时都没有受损（P＞0.05）。
总的来说，这些发现表明，WBC 对改善研究样本中运动后的恢复效果大多无效，而对恢复感觉的益处可能受到参与者基线状态的影响（即 WBC 比 CON 在比赛前的 PRS 评分更高）。
