Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 23;15(1):7276. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-51556-7.
The megadiverse plant family Asteraceae forms an iconic component of island floras including many spectacular radiations, but a global picture of its insular diversity is lacking. Here, we uncover the global biogeographical and evolutionary patterns of Asteraceae on islands to reveal the magnitude and potential causes of their evolutionary success. We compile a global checklist of Asteraceae species native and endemic to islands and combine it with macroecological analyses and a phylogenetic review of island radiations. Asteraceae have a global distribution on islands, comprising approximately 6,000 native island species, with 58% endemics. While diversity of the family on islands is lower than expected given its overall diversity, Asteraceae are the most diverse family on oceanic islands, suggesting an exceptional ability to thrive in isolation. In agreement with island biogeography predictions, native Asteraceae diversity increases with area and decreases with isolation, while endemism increases with both. We identify 39 confirmed island radiations and 69 putative radiations, exceeding numbers for other iconic insular groups. Our results reveal Asteraceae offer immense potential for research in ecology and evolution, given their close tracking of island biogeography expectations, large number of both species and radiations, cosmopolitan distribution, and numerous undiscovered radiations.
大而多样的菊科植物家族是岛屿植物群的标志性组成部分，包括许多壮观的辐射进化，但缺乏其岛屿多样性的全球图景。在这里，我们揭示了菊科植物在岛屿上的全球生物地理和进化模式，以揭示它们进化成功的规模和潜在原因。我们编制了一份全球菊科植物名录，包括原产于岛屿和岛屿特有的物种，并将其与宏观生态学分析和岛屿辐射的系统发育综述相结合。菊科植物在岛屿上的分布范围很广，包括大约 6000 种原产于岛屿的特有种，其中 58%是特有种。虽然菊科植物在岛屿上的多样性低于其整体多样性的预期，但它是海洋岛屿上最多样化的科，这表明它有非凡的能力在孤立中茁壮成长。与岛屿生物地理学的预测一致，菊科植物的多样性随着面积的增加而增加，随着隔离程度的增加而减少，而特有性则随着两者的增加而增加。我们确定了 39 个已确认的岛屿辐射和 69 个假定的辐射，超过了其他标志性岛屿群体的数量。我们的研究结果表明，鉴于菊科植物与岛屿生物地理学的预期密切相关、物种和辐射数量众多、分布广泛以及许多未被发现的辐射，它们为生态和进化研究提供了巨大的潜力。
