Ding Zhengmao, Gu Tiancheng, Zhang Minghao, Wang Kaiqiang, Sun Daoheng, Li Jinjin
Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
Small. 2024 Nov;20(44):e2403593. doi: 10.1002/smll.202403593. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Confronting the impending exhaustion of traditional energy, it is urgent to devise and deploy sustainable clean energy alternatives. Osmotic energy contained in the salinity gradient of the sea-river interface is an innovative, abundant, clean, and renewable osmotic energy that has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Inspired by the impressively intelligent ion channels in nature, the developed angstrom-scale 2D channels with simple fabrication process, outstanding design flexibility, and substantial charge density exhibit excellent energy conversion performance, opening up a new era for osmotic energy harvesting. However, this attractive research field remains fraught with numerous challenges, particularly due to the complexities associated with the regulation at angstrom scale. In this review, the latest advancements in the design of angstrom-scale 2D channels are primarily outlined for harvesting osmotic energy. Drawing upon the analytical framework of osmotic power generation mechanisms and the insights gleaned from the biomimetic intelligent devices, the design strategies are highlighted for high-performance angstrom channels in terms of structure, functionalization, and application, with a particular emphasis on ion selectivity and ion transport resistance. Finally, current challenges and future prospects are discussed to anticipate the emergence of more anomalous properties and disruptive technologies that can promote large-scale power generation.
面对传统能源即将枯竭的问题，设计和部署可持续清洁能源替代品迫在眉睫。海河界面盐度梯度中蕴含的渗透能是一种创新、丰富、清洁且可再生的渗透能，近年来受到了广泛关注。受自然界中令人印象深刻的智能离子通道启发，开发出的具有简单制造工艺、出色设计灵活性和高电荷密度的埃级二维通道展现出优异的能量转换性能，开启了渗透能收集的新时代。然而，这个引人注目的研究领域仍然充满了众多挑战，特别是由于与埃级尺度调控相关的复杂性。在这篇综述中，主要概述了用于收集渗透能的埃级二维通道设计的最新进展。借鉴渗透发电机制的分析框架以及从仿生智能设备中获得的见解，从结构、功能化和应用方面突出了高性能埃级通道的设计策略，特别强调了离子选择性和离子传输阻力。最后，讨论了当前的挑战和未来前景，以期待出现更多能够促进大规模发电的异常特性和颠覆性技术。
